| It was reported that the root-knot nematodes(RKNs)can damage more than 4100 plant species all over the world,especially for vegetable and fruit.In recent years,the area of greenhouse in China has been increased and lead to the improve multi-cropping density,which gives comfortable environment for the survival of nematode.Currently,nematicides play an important role in controlling of RKNs.However,the conventional nematicides application technology such as broadcast and flooding made the low utilization rate and poor control efficacy.In addition,the problem including lack of effective nematicides and nematode resistance existed in the production.Thus,it is urgent to explore effective nematicides and application technology.In this paper,we evaluate the sensitivity of RKNs to fluopyram and abamectin,and screened out a highly effective and environmental friendly nematicide.We determined the efficacy of application doses of fluopyram,application technologies and synergistic adjuvants against nematode under greenhouse.The appropriate parameters for drip-irrigation were found,and then were verified in field experiments.The distribution of fluopyram in the soil was also determined.The main contents are as follows:1.The sensitivity of RKNs collected from different crops in different regions were determined,which demonstrated that there were no significant difference in sensitivity between fluopyram and abamectin.After 24 h treatment the LC50 of fluopyram is 0.38 mg/L~ 1.67 mg/L,and that treated by abamectin is 1.65 mg/L-4.76 mg/L.Fluopyram is higher on RKNs sensitivity than abamectin.2.Fluopyram had significant effect on the height of cucumber.The plant height increase 4.65 cm after treatment for 7 days and 17.77 cm for 15 days.In the range of fluopyram 10 mg ai.-30 Mg ai.,the height of plant is increased with the active ingredients of fluopyram increasing.The stem diameter of cucumber treated by fluopyram is increased,but it is not significant.3.The control efficacy of fluopyram against RKNs is evaluated under greenhouse by different application method.The result showed that the control efficacy of fluopyram is higher than that of abamectin at the same dose.The treatment blending of soil is the most effective application technology,and the best efficacy was obtained at the thirtieth day,the sixtieth and the ninetieth day after fluopyram treatment with efficacy of 98.88%,84.90% and 65.95%.The treatments of drip irrigation bring about the unsatisfactory efficacy at the thirtieth day.The efficacy of fluopyram could be improve with the increasing of dose under the same application condition.The fluopyram is mixed with three adjuvants respectively,then used on plants through the method of drip irrigation and root-irrigation.We find that it is in apparent of the efficiency of RKNs after 30 days,60 days and 90 days treatment.After 30 days of transplanting,the gall index of cucumber was 26.31%-30.56%.Then,the treatment with fluopyram was performed.The efficiency between different treatments is not significant,and the treatment of root-inoculation with the adjuvant of “Agricultural Auxiliaries” is more efficacy.After 30 days of application the control efficacy reached 41.63%.The fluopyram can be used for plants that have been infected by nematodes.4.The field trial showed that the efficiency of fluopyram treated with drip irrigation is lower than treated via root-inoculation,and higher than fertilizer.It is similar with 1.5 times dose of fluopyram.When drip irrigation with 3 L/h flow and 800 mL of water volume,the control effect of drip irrigation approach that of root-inoculation.After optimizing the drip irrigation conditions,the distributing of the pesticide in the soil could be enlarged.When fluopyram was combined with different additives,the control effect of fluopyram in the field is no significant. |
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