| Objective:To study some key techniques of cultivation of Epimedium sagittatum.Methods:(1)42 kinds of stratified methods of different temperature and different hormones,and the best method to break dormancy of seeds of E.sagittatum was selected.(2)The factors of organic fertilizer,shade net density,cultivation density and compound fertilizer.The orthogonal experiment was carried out at three levels of each factor.The optimal growth conditions were selected by the survival rate,yield and content.(3)The yield and content of compound fertilizer were determined by applying different NPK ratio compound fertilizer of E.sagittatum,and the optimal ratio and dosage of compound fertilizer were screened by gray pattern recognition.Plant height,plant width,leaf length,leaf width,number of leaves,number of branches,SPAD(soil and plant analyzer development)were used to determine the morphological changes in a year and find the index of dynamic growth law.After flowering,the flowering period was divided by observing the number of flowers per day and pollination experiment were carried out.(4)The 4 factors of methyl jasmonate,salicylic acid,water-soluble humic acid and spraying number,each factor of 3 levels was carried out by orthogonal experiment.The yield and content were selected as indicators to select the best combination of foliar fertilizer.(5)Determinated aboveground biomass and epimedin A,epimedin B,epimedin C and icariin and total flavonoids content,moisture,ash and extract of E.sagittatum each month,in order to determine the optimum harvest period.Results:1.Study on seed germination of E.sagittatumThe seed does not have the water absorption barrier of the seed coat.There are obvious inhibitors in seeds,and there are obvious morphological dormancy.The better processing temperature stratification is 15℃ in the dark layer of 90 d into the 4 ℃ dark layer 10d can break the seed dormancy,germination rate was 66.22%,compared with the constant temperature stratification of 4 ℃,shorten the time of 28.57%,germination rate increased 41.89%.In the hormones and temperature stratification,the better is soak the seeds 8h with distilled water first,and put it in the lower layer of 4℃,then spraying GA3 200mg/L instead of watering until budding after embryo reaching the torpedo stage,80d can break the dormancy,germination rate can reach 82.67%,compared with the control group,shorten the time of 33.33%,germination rate increased 28.05%.Field production application of hormone and temperature stratification,100d break dormancy,germination rate reached 39.77%.2.The effects of different cultivation conditions on the survival rate,yield and content of E.sagittatumThe optimum treatment was 80%of the shade net density,25cm × 25cm planting density,organic fertilizer was 1.5 kg/m2,N:P:K = 12:20:13 compound fertilizer dosage was 40 g/m2,iompared with the control group,the survival rate increased by 13.99%and the yield increased by 28.57%.There was no significant difference of content of epimedin A,epimedin B and icariin between the control group and the control group,but epimedin C and total flavonoids was significantly lower than the control group.The effects of four factors was the density of shade net>planting density>organic fertilizer application>compound fertilizer.Best combination were selected as follows:80%shade net density,20cm × 20cm planting density,organic fertilizer was1.5 kg/m2,N:P:K = 12:20:13 is 40 g/m2.3.Effects of fertilization on yield and content of E.sagittatumThe application of N:P:K = 12:20:13,the amount of fertilizer selected 40 g/m2,compared to the control group of its pteratinization A higher than 118.36%,pteratinization B was 113.03%higher,89.07%,Icariin higher than 182.30%,total flavonoids higher than 37.04%,yield higher than 33.10%.E.sagittatum began to sprout in early March,at the end of March to the end of April for flowering,May is the fruiting period,seed maturationin is the middle of the year of June.Leaf length,branch number,leaf number increased significantly between March and June.The plant height and leaf width increased significantly from March to July.The plant height and SPAD changed significantly from March to August,and the SPAD in April increased by 56.78%compared with March.The flowering period of rhizome of two years was from March 22 to April 21,and the flowering period of single plant was 27.60 ± 1.95 d and single flower was 1.67 ± 0.74 d.The flowering period of two-year seed propagation was March 23 to April 17,the flowering time of single plant was 20.57 ± 3.41 d,the single flower was 2.40 ± 0.70 d.The flowering period of three-year seed breeding was from March 23 to April 14,the flowering time of single plant was 25.00 ± 3.74 d and the single flower was 2.50 ± 0.71 d.The seed setting rate of pollen was 70.18%,which was 36.35%higher than that of the control group.4.Effects of foliar fertilizer on yield and content of E.sagittatumThe best combination screened by comprehensive evaluation was jasmonate 0.5 mmol/L,salicylic acid 5 mmol/L,humic acid 10 g/m2,spraying 3 times.Compared to the control group of epimedin A higher than 57.14%,the content of icariin was 33.33%higher,epimedin B,epimedin C and yield was not changed significantly.The influence of 4 factors by orthogonal analysis was methyl jasmonate>salicylic acid>humic acid>the number of times of spraying.The optimum combination was as follows:0.5 mmol/L of methyl jasmonate,5 mmol/L of salicylic acid,10 g/m2 of humic acid.5.Determination of harvest time of E.sagittatumAfter a comprehensive evaluation of the order of each month was August 31 st>August 15th>September 15th>July 30th>September 30th>October 30th>June 30th>May 31st>April 30th>March 30th.Conclusion:The seeds of E.sagittatum need to be soaked in distilled water for 8h,placed in the dark lower layer of 4 ℃,anatomical observation of embryos per 20d and then sprayed with 200 mg/L of gibberellin to replace the water until the seed reached the torpedo stage,80 days or so can break dormancy.Seed breeding seedlings before transplanting,need to give 1.5 kg/m2 of cow dung straw mixed organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer for soil preparation,and build awning.Shade net density is 80%and the planting density is 20cm × 20cm.Add a N:P:K=12:20:13 compound fertilizer 40 g/m2 after one month.The second year of cultivation should be carried out at the appropriate time N:P:K = 12:20:13 compound fertilizer 40 g/m2.The harvest period was around August 30th and the mixture of methyl jasmonate(0.5mmol/L),salicylic acid(5 mmol/L)and humic acid of 10 g/m2 was applied before harvest. |
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