The Molecular Cytogenetics Study On Wheat Of High Protein And Black Layer And Endosperm

Black grain wheat has become one of the hotspot in food industry because of its special regulation and health care function,and rich in natural melanin.In this study,23 lines of black grain wheat were analyzed and identified in the field test,chromosomal composition and genetic characteristics by means of morphological and molecular cytogenetic methods.Meanwhile,the characteristics of black layer,black endosperm and high protein were analyzed by the protein detection and grain profile contrast analysis.The objective of research is to provide a theoretical basis and scientific basis for the comprehensive evaluation of germplasm resources and quality characteristics of black grain wheat.The results showed that these 23 lines had well agronomic traits and the grain was full.The comparative analysis of the grain profiles showed that the seed coat and the aleurone layer were completely black and there was also black component in the endosperm.The test of protein content showed that 86.9% of lines were more than 19%,and the protein content of 10 lines was more than 20%.Line 6-19 was one of the most prominent,thousand-seed weight was 32.148 g,and the protein content was 21.15%.The field test performed that plants were stable.Their growth was uniformity,and black layer without separation.The results of cytological identification showed that the chromosome number of root tip cell was 42 and stable.They were common wheat,and the meiosis had mostly cyclic bivalents.Molecular markers and genome in situ hybridization confirmed that 23 lines had alien chromosomal constituents that from the 5E chromosome of Th.intermedium.In summary,black grain wheat bred from this research had black layer,endosperm,and high-protein,which was common wheat and genetic stable.It could be further expanding propagation as a promotional material.Considered yield,nutrition,stability and other factors,lines 6-19 and 6-16 should be available for popularization.