Study On Plant Landscape Design Of Road Green Space In Harbin

The quality of road green space in Harbin has significantly improved in the process of the city?s “Ecological Garden City Construction”.However,the plant landscape of the road green space still has many deficiencies in terms of its ecological landscape,visual quality and human needs.Therefore,this paper discusses the existing problems and summarizes the experience through field research,case study and comparative study and then provides a scientific basis for the improvement of Harbin road green space plant landscape.On the basis of the previous team research,we choose 64 typical and representative roads as the research objects.According to the literature research,we choose 205 sample areas(including 2 to 5 areas which were more than 100 meters)based on the changes in the road green space.Besides,the species,quantities and specifications of the plants,as well as the road green space plan were collected through field research.The “Climate-Temperature” method were used to divide the seasons of Harbin,based on which we monitored the colors of the dynamic plant leaf,flower and fruit by using NCS color card.We noted the ornamental traits and duration and took the photos of plant community landscape.Through comparative study,we discussed the plant landscape design of road green space and corresponding improvement strategies in Harbin from the perspectives of green space rate,the choices of plant species,space and seasonal design and public aesthetic preferences.The main research results are as follows:1.The compliance rate of road green space rate was 37.5%,which did not meet the minimum standard of “National Garden City”,which was 80%.The roads which declined in green space rate accounted for 43.8% compared with year 2009.2.The composition of the plant species.There were totally 76 species of plants in our study,including 33 species of trees,29 species of shrubs and 14 species of herbs,which only increased by 4.1% compared with year 2009.In comparison with the urban plant planning,the proportion of the basic and key plant were 73.3%.The native plant species accounted for 59.68% of the total plants,which was less than the ecological city construction standards.Besides,the proportion of evergreen and deciduous trees was 1:7,which could not match the urban green space system planning in 2012.In terms of the traits,the flowering plants and fruit species accounted for 30.3%,while the color-leafed plants accounted for only 2.6%.3.The spatial design of the plant landscape.The plant landscape levels were simple in general.While 73.4% of the roadside shade trees were single layer trees,only 9.4% of the roads had 4-layer(Tree-Shrub-Hedgerow-Herb)plant structure.The roads which could not meet the required norm and industrial standard accounted for 21.9%,and the roads which had single plant form accounts for 78.1%.Furthermore,the roads with unreasonable landscape sight design accounted for 82.8%,which was the same as the roads which could not meet the use requirement of people.4.The seasonal design of the plant landscape.The plant leaf colors were not rich enough,and the range of the four-season leaf colors were S2070-G40Y~S7020-G90 Y.Among the altogether 52 standard colors,red and yellow only accounted for 9.6%.The spring seasonal landscape was prominent,the range of the flower plants color were S0300-N~S2040-R40 B,the flower duration were 9 to 35 days,among which the roads with flower duration more than 10 days accounted for 93.7%.However,the landscape of summer and autumn were not abundant enough.The roads with seeable flower plants in summer only accounted for 25%,and the roads with seeable fruit plant in autumn only accounted for 18.7%.5.Public preference of road green space landscape design in Harbin.More than 57% of the interviewees preferred landscape configurations with relatively rich levels and species;More than 71% of the interviewees liked road landscapes with proper plant density,appropriate view sight and abundant plant forms better;Over 87% of the interviewees preferred flower landscape in spring and summer,and color-leafed plants in autumn;Over 97% of the people liked the roads with plant shades and leisure facilities better.6.There were following problems in the plant landscape design of Harbin road green space: the road green rate was fairly low and the species compositions were not reasonable enough.The gradation was too simple and the planting form also lacked artistic quality.Besides,the landscape sight design was not reasonable enough and could not fully meet the needs of people.The summer and autumn seasonal landscape were not rich enough,too.7.To solve the existing problems,we can work in terms of the following perspectives: from the perspective of urban green space planning,the attention should be paid to the status of the road green space and the improvement of the existing green space scale;From the perspective of the construction of “the National Ecological Garden City”,we should continue strengthen the popularity of road green space construction and improve the quality of road green space and the development of green penetration;From the perspective of national design and industry norm,more attentions should be paid to creating a composite plant structure and meeting the need of traffic safety;From the perspective of landscape visual form,we should create landscape nodes and control the planting density in a reasonable way;The last but not the least,from the use demand of people,we should increase the leisure facilities for people to rest and design the scale of green space in a suitable way.