The Effect Of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid On Phaseolous Vulgaris,Frankliniella Occidentalis And Orius Similis

Western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande),an important insect pest ofvegetables and ornamentals,causes serious harm.It spreads fast and with higher insecticide resistance.Orius similis is an important natural enemies of western flower thrips,but in the biological control process,its control ability o to pest might encounter the problems,such as insufficient ability to control pest,and it occurrence was not synchronize withpest.The previous studies showed that jasmonic acid(JA)could induce plant' defenses.JA was as exogenous induce,the relationships among Phaseolous vulgaris,F.occidentalis,and O.similis were studied.The biochemical responses of bean induced by exogenous JA were investigated.The inductive effect of exogenous JA on the direct defenses of bean to F.occidentalis,indirect defense of bean to O.similis and the counter-defense of F.occidentalis were studied.The results would provide theoretical basis for thrips integrated management.The main results were as follows:1.The effect of exogenous jasmonic acid on biochemical responses of beanUsed 1?0.1?0.01 and 0.001 mmol/L concentrations of JA treated bean plant after 1 d,5 d,10 d,The contents of proteins of bean plant treated by 4 concentrations of JA weren't significantly different with healthy plant,while it decreased significantly at 5 and 10 day after treatment.after different concentrations of jasmonic acid treated,protein content of bean was no significant difference between each other.The contents of free amino acid increased significantly at 1 day after treatment,and decreased with time extension.The contents of free amino acid decreased significantly at 5day after JA 1 treatment,the other concentration of JA and damaged by thrips were have no significant difference compare to control.The contents of free amino acid decreased significantly at 10 day after JA1,JA 0.1,JA 0.01,JA 0.001 treatments.Compared to the control,the contents of soluble sugars decreased significantly after JA treatment,and it decreased fast with the increase of JA concentration and time extension.The contents of soluble sugars after JA1,JA 0.1,JA 0.01 treat at 1 d is significantly higher than 5 d,While no significant difference with that of the 5 d and10 d.The contents of soluble sugars after JA 0.001 or damaged by thrips decreased with the extension of time.The chlorophyll of bean plant sprayed with exogenous JA solution decreased at1 day,but rose with the time increase.The contents of chlorophyll after JA 1 treat at 1 d reducedthe most.In the treatment of the 5 d and 10 d,The contents of chlorophyll at low concentration of jasmonic acid treat plant was no significant compare to control,while high concentration of jasmonic acid was significant decreased compare to control.The content of phenols,flavones and tannins increased significantly compared to that of control.2.The activities of protective enzymes and detoxifying enzymes in F.occidentalis feedding kidney bean induced by exogenous jasmonic acidThe activities of protective enzymes(SOD,CAT and POD)in F.occidentalis increased after feeding on bean treated by 4 concentrations JA respectively.The activities of SOD in F.occidentalis feeding after JA 1 and JA 0.1 treated at 1 d and 5 d significantly higher than 10 d respectively.While feeding on JA 0.001 treated have no significant different at the three periods.The activities of POD in F.occidentalis at different time after treatment had no significant difference.The activities of CAT in F.occidentalis feeding JA 1 and JA 0.1 treated after 1d significantly higher than 5 d,while feeding on JA 0.01 treated after 1 d have no significantly different with 5 d.The activities of CAT in F.occidentalis feeding on JA 0.001 treated have no significant different at the three periods.The activities of detoxification enzymes of GST and Ach E in F.occidentalis increased when compared with control at each time.The activities of Car E increased significantly when compared with control at the day of 1 and 5,but it had no significant difference with control at the day of 10.The activities of GST,Car E and Ach E in F.occidentalis feeding JA 1 and JA 0.1 treatment plant is most active at the day of 1,while F.occidentalis feeding JA 0.01 and JA 0.001 treatment plant is most active at the day of 5.3.Behavioral responses of F.occidentalis and O.similis to kidney bean induced by exogenous jasmonic acid and analysis of volatile componentsWith the concentration of JA increasing,the selection rate of F.occidentalis to bean induced by exogenous JA decreased when compared to the control.When compared among different concentrations of JA,it was found that the selection rate of F.occidentalis to the concentration of1 mmol/L were considerably lower to that of the concentration of 0.1 and 0.01 mmol/L,the higher concentrations of JA had the higher repellent effect.O.similis had no significant difference selection rate among lower concentrations of JA,but with the increase of concentration of JA,the selection rate increased.When the concentration of JA reached 0.1 and 1 mmol/L,the selective rate of O.similis were significantly higher than control.When compared among different concentrations of JA,it was found that the tendency of O.similis for 0.1 mmol/L of JA treatment was obviously higher than 0.001 mmol/L.There was no obvious difference among other treatments.The percentages of volatiles in different treated beans changed significantly,and the specific volatile components were detected.The(Z)-3-Hexenyl propionate and 2-Isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine were only detected in the JA treated plant.The(Z)-3-Hexenyl butanoate and(Z)-3-hexenyl-2-methylpropanoate were detected on JA and thrips damaged bean,while it was not detected in the healthy plant.4.Behavioral responses of F.occidentalis and O.similis to mixed volatile compounds(Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate+(E)-2-Hexenal showed no significant difference to F.occidentalis at both 10-2 and 10-3 ?L/?L concentrations levels.(Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate+Cyclopentanol and(Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate+(E)-2-Hexenal+Cyclopentanol had no significant effect on F.occidentalis at concentration of 10-3 ?L/?L,while F.occidentalis had an obvious repellency at concentration of10-2 ?L/?L.(E)-2-Hexenal+Cyclopentanol displayed an obvious repellency to F.occidentalis at concentration of 10-3 ?L/?L,while the preference of F.occidentalis had no significant difference at concentration of 10-2 ?L/?L.(Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate+(E)-2-Hexenal,(Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate+(E)-2-Hexenal+Cyclopentanol showed a strong attraction to O.similis at the concentration of 10-3 ?L/?L,but at concentration of10-2 ?L/?L,the(Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate+(E)-2-Hexenal had an obvious repellency and the(Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate+(E)-2-Hexenal+Cyclopentanol had no significant effect on O.similis.Both(Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate+Cyclopentanol and(E)-2-Hexenal+Cyclopentanol didn't show significant response to O.similis.