| In order to explore the effects of operation,transport stress on the organization structure and antioxidant system of the juvenile Eleutheronema tetradactylum.In this study,the experimental results were analyzed and compared by means of tissue sections and determination of enzyme activity,the result shows that the E.tetradactylum under different stress patterns,different degrees of damage was caused,meanwhile,reflects the juvenile E.tetradactylum stress stress barbudo and response law,the main results are as follows: 1 Effects of handling stress on organization structure and oxidative stress of E.tetradactylumIn order to understand the effects of handling stress on hepatic organization structure and oxide stress to young E.tetradactylum.This research sampled separately in 2 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h after outside water handling stress,and fixed separately by poly formaldehyde and liquid nitrogen.It was showed that in 2h after outside water handling stress,liver tissue has slight changed and appeared some bubble structure and tinting strength declining,then arose fuzzy liver plate structure.Until to 12 h after outside water handling,the bubble structure reduced and liver tissue has a trend to recovery,and then the basic structure of the liver haven't significant differences compared to control group when this test was finished;varying degrees of damages arising in gill lamella,squamous epithelium cell and MRC 2h after stress;Firstly the trend of muscle fiber necrosis and then the gap of muscle fiber became widened,vacuolation,and even muscle fiber loss of intrinsic form.In liver SOD and CAT had the same change trend,increased significantly(P<0.05)2h after outside water stress,besides reached to the highest value,until to 24 h,the value significantly(P<0.05)lower than control groups.Content of MDA in liver changes trend appeared that significantly(P<0.05)increasing firstly besides reached to the highest value.Content of GSH in liver has not significantly(P>0.05)change,until to 6h after handling stress,it begins to significantly decline(P<0.05)and reached to the minimum value.In 2h after handling stress,the T-AOC rapidly significantly increased(P<0.05),then it decreasing gradually,after that the T-AOC rising once again in 12 h after handling stress and then it gradually decreased once.In muscle SOD and GSH had the same change trend,drop significantly(P<0.05)2h after stress,slightly lower than that of control groups until 24hours;CAT and T-AOC in muscle did not changes significantly(P>0.05)at the beginning of 2h,then it rising,regaining the normal value when treated 24 hours later;Content of MDA in muscle did not have a significantly(P>0.05)change,had the highest value 6h after stress,subsequently,regaining the normal value at 24 hours later.Activity of Na+-K+-ATPase were significantly(P<0.05)rising 2h after handling stress,rising again until 12 hours and attain the highest value,subsequently,regaining the normal value 24 h after outside water handling stress.Those results are indicating following conclusions that liver,muscle and gills of E.tetradactylum is suffered damaged after outside water handling stress,besides the damage gradually recovered with outside water time prolonging,but the damage gradually serious with outside water time prolonging.2 The effects of transport stress on organization structure,antioxidant system of juvenile E.tetradactylum and the function of anti-stress agents mixtureE.tetradactylum,is subordinate to Mugiliformes,Polynemida,Eleutheronema in taxonomy.This study set up control group(no transport)and experimental groups in order to investigate the effects of transport stress on liver,gill and spleen tissue of juvenile E.tetradactylum and the function of anti-stress agents mixture.Among those,blank transport group and anti-stress agents were included in experimental group.Blank transport group is that in this process of transportion do not added any anti-stress agents.Anti-stress agents is that in this process of transportion the anti-stress agents mixture(Vitamin C: glutamine =1:1)was added into water.The liver tissue,gill tissue and spleen tissue of juvenile E.tetradactylum were sampled after 6h of transportation.The results were shown that liver tissue present at a normal physiological state on the control group.The cells were arranged loosely,and the hepatic plate structure was not clear in some regions of the liver on the group of anti-stress agents.The whole liver tissue lost natural shape on blank transport group.Gill tissue shown a normal physiological state on the control group.The gill filaments were arranged irregularly,and some of them cracked in the middle of the gill filaments,and a small number or the whole of gill fragments swelling.Not only red blood cells accumulated in part of the sinus,but also mitochondria rich cells became larger on the group of anti-stress agents.Gill lamella swelling generally,and the mitochondria rich cells volume becomes larger and it number increases on blank transport group.Spleen tissue showed a normal physiological state on the control group.The area of splenic white pulp was increased compared with control group,besides,the number and size of the MMCs increased on the group of anti-stress agents compared with control group.The red pulp taken up a majority area of spleen tissue,meanwhile,the white pulp area was relatively scattered distribution,and the MMCs were reduced on blank transport group.The activity of SOD in liver and muscle was control group>mixed group>blank group significantlly(P<0.05),besides the values in liver was highter than that in muscle.The CAT activity in liver was blank group>control group>mixed group significantly(P<0.05),but the values in muscle was mixed group>control group>blank group significantly(P<0.05).The content of MDA in liver was blank group>mixed group>control group significantly(P<0.05),and it was no significant(P>0.05)difference between the control group and the mixed group,meanwhile,they were significantly(P<0.05)lower than the blank group.The content of GSH in muscle was same with content of MDA in liver,and the content of GSH in liver was same with content of MDA in muscle.The T-AOC in liver was blank group> mixed group> control group significantly(P<0.05),but there was no significant(P>0.05)difference between the mixed group and the blank group in muscle,besides,they were significantly(P<0.05)lower than the control group.The activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in gills in control group was slightly higher than that in mixed group but no significant(P>0.05),besides,the values in mixed group was significantly(P<0.05)higher than that in blank group.The results of this study provided valuable resources for the transportation of juvenile E.tetradactylum and improving the survival rate of transportation.3 The effects of transport stress on antioxidant system and effects of anti-stress agent of juvenile E.tetradactylumIn order to explore that the effects of transport stress on antioxidant system in liver and muscle and effects of anti-stress agent of juvenile E.tetradactylum,control group,blank group,vitamin C group and glutamine group were set in this study.Liver and muscle samples of juvenile E.tetradactylum were collected in 2h,6h,and 9h during this transport stress to determine to related index.Results shown that transport stress led to SOD activity increased rapidly in liver and muscle on blank group,however,SOD activity was significantly(P<0.05)lower than the control group finally on vitamin C group and glutamine group.Transport stress led to the activity of CAT significantly(P<0.05)increased in liver and muscle on blank group,although,slightly decreased later,the activity values were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those in control group finally.However,those values on vitamin C group and glutamine group was no significant(P>0.05)difference compared with the control group or slightly higher than that in control group.Transport stress led to the content of MDA was significant(P<0.05)increased in muscle and liver on blank group,but this result was alleviated significantly in on vitamin C group and glutamine group.The content of GSH were presented different change trends between liver and muscle on different groups,the reason may be liver and muscle assumeing different physiological functions.The values of T-AOC were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those in liver and muscle on control group after transport stress,the values were slightly higher than that on control group in this two organizations finally.This study analyzed antioxidation system of juvenile E.tetradactylum under the transport stress and the effects of anti-stress agent,to provide reference for promoting artificial breeding of E.tetradactylum.4 The effects of acute low temperature on organization structure,antioxidant system and Na+-K+-ATPase of juvenile E.tetradactylumE.tetradactylum is well received by farmers and consumers in recent years but it has a weak resisted ability to low temperature and low survival rate in winter,so that it was a serious challenge to E.tetradactylum large-scale farming.Therefore,this study set up three experimental groups,that is normal atmospheric temperature group(27±0.5?),20? group and 15? group,in order to investigate the effects of low temperature on organization structure,antioxidant system and Na+-K+-ATPase of juvenile E.tetradactylum.The liver tissue,muscle tissue,spleen tissue,and gill tissue were sampled in 2h,6h and 12 h when low temperature stress occurs.Results show that with the time prolonging,the liver cells in 20? group performance as vesicles structure was increased;The nucleus was deviated and the staining was became shallow.The liver cells in 15 ? group performance as the liver cells chaotic arrangement,the liver plate structure was not clear,finally,the cell nucleus dissolved,the whole liver lost its inherent form.With the time prolonging,the muscle cells in 20? group performance as the muscle fibers was slight bending,finally,majority of muscle fibers was serious bending,and there was a large gap between the muscle fibers and the interior.The muscle cells in 20? group performance as the muscle fiber gap was increased,and the part of the muscle fibers were broken,finally,the muscle fibers were serious broken between the muscle fibers and the interior,and some of them were dissolved and exposed to the nucleus.With the time prolonging,the gills in 20? group performance as the number of mitochondria rich cells was increased,and slight swelling symptom was present at the end of the gill lamellae,finally,the gill lamellae overall edema and severe bending;A large number of red blood cells were appeared in sinus and blood vessels,besides,part of gill lamellae was burst since red blood cells too much.The gills in 15? group performance as a slight loss of epidermal lamellae,a few of lamellae swelling,finally,it was burst and the basic form of lamellae was not visible.Meanwhile,the MMCs in spleen had a trend of reduced gradually,and the region of red pulp had a decreased first and then increased tend.The gill filaments showed a normal state as without stress;with the low temperature treatment time prolonging,the gills in 20? group main shown that the blood vessel was contractived and gill lamella was swollen;in 15? group main shown that gill lamellae local swelling up to burst.The activity of SOD in liver,muscle increased firstly and then decreased with the study time prolonging,they had different trends in two tissues and different temperature.The activity of CAT has a trend of increased firstly and then decreased with the study with time prolonging in liver under two temperatures.However,it has a different trends in muscle under different temperature,and CAT activity value significantly(P<0.05)lower normal atmospheric temperature group finally.The content of GSH has a trend of down always with the study time prolonging in liver and muscle,under two temperature.But the difference is content of GSH has a trend of significantly(P<0.05)down always in muscle under 20? group.The content of MDA has a trend of increased firstly and then decreased with the study time prolonging in liver under two temperatures,meanwhile,the same change tendency was appeared in muscle under 20?.The T-AOC has a trend of significantly(P<0.05)deline awaly with the study time prolonging;under two temperature in liver,meanwhile,the same change tendency was appeared in muscle under 15?.But the T-AOC has a trend of increased first and then decreased with the study time prolonging in muscle under 20?.The activity of Na+-K+-ATPase has a trend of first decreased and then increased significantly(P<0.05)with the study time prolonging in gills.This study results can provide reference for overwintering management of juvenile E.tetradactylum and improving survival rate in winter. |
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