| Moon Mountain Nature Reserve is located in the south subtropical,rich in water and heat resources,diverse species,which is a rare animal and plant important natural gene banks and habitat.According to the study,the protected area has 1335 species of vascular plants of 600 genera of 151 families,including 3 kinds of level 1 of protection,24 kinds of level 2 of protection,and 464 species of animals of 222 genera of 147 families,including 4 kinds of level 1 of protection,29 kinds of level 2 of protection.The protected area has become a hot research area with abundant biodiversity and good ecological environment and landscape resources.There are many related research results,but the current research on landscape pattern and its changes in protected areas is still weak.In this paper,the 2005 Forest Resources Survey Database(.mbd),the Forest Land Change Database(.mbd),the Moon Mountain Nature Reserve 1: 28000 forest map(.jpg),the 2004 SPOT5 remote sensing image(.tif)and the China-Pakistan Resources 3 satellite 2013 remote sensing image(.tif)are the main research data.Combined with the characteristics of the Moon Mountain Nature Reserve,we can converted it into a vector grid format under the ArcGIS environment,then calculate the index of the plaque Type,landscape type and landscape level and analyze the distribution pattern of landscape patch characteristics,the spatial pattern of landscape and the influence of external disturbance on landscape pattern of protected area in Moon Mountain Nature Reserve by using the Fragstats software.The main results are as follows:(1)According to the principle of landscape classification,the principles of forest community ecology and the classification of forest land classification and the availability of collected data,Moon Mountain Nature Reserve can be evergreen broad-leaf forest,broadleaved deciduous forest,Evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest,pinus massoniana forest,Chinese fir woodland,shrubwood,non-restocking forest,suitable land for forest,other forest land,cultivated land,construction land and waters.(2)The landscape pattern analysis showed that the area,perimeter and patch number distribution of 12 landscape elements in the Moon Mountain Nature Reserve were extremely uneven.Evergreen broad-leaf forest,broadleaved deciduous forest,Evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest,pinus massoniana forest,Chinese fir forest landscape are the main landscape types of the protected area,and the sum of the five areas is 87.88% of the total protected area.Due to the nature of nature reserves,the number of large plaques is also large.(3)The characteristics of landscape heterogeneity indicate that the fractal dimension of Evergreen broad-leaf forest,broadleaved deciduous forest,Evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest,pinus massoniana forest is large and the fragmentation value is small and less than 0.1,which indicates that they are almost unspoiled and are well protected by local governments and farmers as the main landscape type of reserve.The forest fragmentation of construction land,cultivated land,suitable forest land,non-restocking forest and other forest land afforestation degree is relatively high,which accords with the theory that the degree of landscape fragmentation is changed by human disturbance.(4)The study on the spatial pattern and spatial relationship of landscape space in different periods shows that,the number of patches of the Moon Mountain Nature Reserve decreased during the period from 2005 to 2015,the area of forest land increased,the area of cultivated land decreased,the fragmentation degree of Evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest and cultivated land decreased.The fragmentation degree of cultivated land and construction land increased,and the fragmentation degree of the other landscape types is not obvious.The overall landscape fragmentation of the Moon Mountain Nature Reserve decreased,and the landscape pattern developed towards the direction of high concentration and low uniformity.(5)The dynamic analysis of functional landscape pattern shows that the landscape types are evenly distributed in the experimental area,the buffer zone is the second,and the core area is large patch distribution,the landscape aggregation degree is higher,the diversity is lower,the heterogeneity is lower,the fragmentation is smaller,and the man-made interference is less.(6)Based on the analysis of plaque grading of six landscape types,it is found that the patch area of the Moon Mountain Nature Reserve is less than 1,and the area and quantity are reduced and the proportion is reduced.On the contrary,Large plaque area with an area greater than or equal to 21 increases and decreases.Especially,the evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest showed the most obvious.The spatial pattern of the large plots is the landscape pattern of the Moon Mountain Nature Reserve,and this distribution pattern is more and more obvious during the period from 2005 to 2015.(7)The transfer matrix analysis shows that during the period from 2005 to 2015,a large area of suitable forest land,cultivated land and non-restocking forest in the Moon Mountain Nature Reserve were transformed into forest land.Other types of landscape types are converted to the construction site.(8)The analysis of the driving factors influencing the change of landscape pattern shows that the natural factor is not the dominant factor of the landscape pattern change in the Moon Mountain Nature Reserve in recent ten years.With the encouragement of national and local policies,the rapid development of rural infrastructure,the relocation of ecological resettlement in protected areas and the continuous improvement of people’s living standard,human factors have become the main driving factors of landscape changes in Moon Mountain Nature Reserve. |
