Reproductive Biology Diversity Of Symplocos Paniculata Resources In Changbai Mountain Area

Symplocos paniculata(Thunb.)Miq.is a kind of deciduous shrub or tree of Symplocaceae,Symplocos,which can be found in most parts of China and has a strong adaptability.Its flowers and berries are very ornamental,but it is rarely used as one of ornamental plants.Its berry is rich in fats and anthocyanins,so it is an important economic plant and has a very high potential for the development and utilization of value.In this case,in order to promote the introduction and domestication of wild Symplocos paniculata resource,to speed up the selection of cultivars,to cultivate the garden economy and to promote cultivation,this paper used wild Symplocos paniculata resource in Changbai Mountain area as experimental material and investigated the naturalgrowth environment,ways of breeding and updating,as well as phenological observation,flowering characteristics and fruit shape,the diversity of important economic traits,pollen vitality and stigma receptivity.This paper comprehensively studied the diversity of reproductive biology of Symplocos paniculata in Changbai Mountain area and provided the basis for the selection of excellent resources,the evaluation of genetic diversity and artificial cultivation and utilization of Symplocos paniculata in Changbai Mountain area.The main conclusions are as follows:1.According to the observation of the phenological period of the wild Symplocos paniculata resources in Changbai Mountain area,the Buds early is in early April;the leaf stage is from late April to mid-May;the early flowering is the middle of May;the flowering period is in late May;the final flowering is from the end of May to early June;fruit ripening period is mid-September and the deciduous period is October.2.The main way of breeding of Symplocos paniculata in the wild state is root sprout-based.What leads to sexual reproductive disorders of Symplocos paniculata is poor seed quality and chemical substances that inhibit seed germination.49% of the seeds have no embryo,and the seeds of structural integrity have morphological deformity and insect feeding etc.The bioactivity test shows that there is a chemical substance in the seeds that inhibit their germination.The chemical substances are mainly in the endosperm.3.For Symplocos paniculata,stamens are five-body,ovary superior;pollen is triangular.The medium suitable for Symplocos paniculata flour is 1% agar + 10% sucrose.The pollen viability reachs the peak at the third day of flowering,then begin to decline in the following 4-6th day,57% at 96h(4d),48% at 6d;And the decline speed slower with 21% viability at 24 d,then the speed get fast.At 4 ? temperature conditions,the pollen can be saved for 30 days,then the activity drop to 3%,and it almost lose vitality.The stigma receptivity get strongest at 1rst or 2nd day of flowering,then decline,lose completely at 7th day.4.In the same group,for the plants with good lighting condition,the fruit rate is 23.7%,but the fruit rate of those under trees is 3%.The spraying of 50 mg/L GA3 solution in the blooming period results in a decrease in the fruit setting rate,but promotes the weight of the fruit.The average fruit weight is 21.70 g,which is 1.5 times of that of the control.5.For Symplocos paniculata,flower number per raceme is between 3 to 28,and the average is 15.2.Fruit branches are mainly on the first to fourth sections of the mother branch.The majority of mother fruit branches are short branches and middle branches,and the fruit rate is 89.3% and 78.6 respectively.6.Symplocos paniculata is resistant to pruning and the ability is strong.For short cut,2-year-old branches and 3-year-old branches,Retraction treatment is conducive to pumping long branches;More than 10 years old trunks also have potential buds out of the new branches,showing a strong natural regeneration capability.7.The average anthocyanin content of different fruits is 379.9 nmol/g;the variation is 62.8 ~ 1334.6 nmol/g and the variation coefficient is 55.6%.The fruit type index variation are both less than 10%.The different plants have relatively stable genetic traits on the fruit type,and the variation range is small,and the variation is below 10.0%.But the fruit shapes of the plants in different habitats all show a slight variation,and the coefficient of variation is higher than 10.0%;Based on fruit weight index,the coefficient of variation is more than 20.0%,up to 52.4%.And different strains show strong variation in fruit weight,showing rich diversity characteristics.There is no significant correlation between the minimum fruit weight and the longitudinal diameter,but there is a significant negative correlation with the transverse diameter,and the other indexes show a significant positive correlation with each other.8.Preliminary studies have shown that there are four kinds of anthocyanins in the Symplocos paniculataberry:geranium,camphor,ficillin and petunia.The corresponding ant hocyanins speculation structures are as follows: pheromone-3-O-glucoside,cyanidin-3-O-gl ucoside,levulin-3-O-glucoside and puerarin-3-O-glucoside.9.The analysis of oil content and composition shows that the oil content of wild Symplocos paniculata in Changbai Mountain is 16.1% ~ 41.5%,the average oil content is 24.1%,and the oil and fat components are mainly palmitic acid,oleic acid and linoleic acid.