Investigation Of Plant Resources Of Dried Flower In Karst Area Of Guiyang And Exploration Of Technology Of Pressed Flower

In order to investigate the species and utilization characteristics of dried flower plant resources in Guiyang Karst area,and to explore the best drying technology of specific pressed flowers.In this study,the plant specimens and image datas of dried flowers in Guiyang Karst area were collected by field investigation in four seasons,namely in spring,summer,autumn and winter,and then made species identification.A variety of drying techniques,color retention techniques,bleaching techniques and dyeing techniques were studied for different colors and textures of pressed flowers,then screening the best drying and color retention schemes of special pressed flowers.Which played important roles in providing theoretical foundation and scientific basis for large scale production of pressed flowers,and promoting the popularization and development of Pressed Flower Art in Guizhou.The main results were as follows:1.65 families,137 genera and 160 species of plant resources of dried flower were found in this study.Among them,there were 21 species of Compositae,accounting for 13.1%;Followed by Rosaceae,which were 20 species,accounting for 12.5%;Gramineae was 12 species,Leguminosae was 9 species,and there were only 1 to 5 species in the remaining branches.There were 102 kinds of flowers,according to color classification,including 28 kinds of pink series,23 kinds of yellow series,21 kinds of white series,21 kinds of blue-purple series and 8 kinds of multi-color series.Leaves,a total of 54 species,of which the green leaves were 29 species,the color leaves were 25 species;the fruit material were 12 species.2.Studying on the drying technology of 13 kinds of pressed flowers:The effects of different treatment combinations of different drying temperature,different drying time and drying plates with different diameters on the drying characteristics and the quality of dried flowers were studied by using 6 drying methods.The results showed that the suitable drying methods of pressed flowers with different texture and water content were different.The water loss rate of flowers increased with the increasing of drying temperature,drying time and the aperture D of drying plates.With intermittent heating,the drying time of the flower material was less than that of continuous heating.The electric iron drying method was the fastest,followed by microwave drying method,vacuum drying method and simple drying method were the slowest.Dried flower color: vacuum drying method was the best,microwave drying method and electric iron drying method were better.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the quality and drying time of dried flowers,the best drying treatment methods of 13 kinds of embossing flowers were obtained.Rhododendron pulchrum :the petals were 80% microwave firepower + drying plate aperture D₂ + drying time（3+0.5）minutes,the stamens and sepals were 4 gear temperature of electric iron + drying time 2.5 minutes;Lagerstroemia indica: 3 gear temperature of electric iron drying 35 to 40 seconds;Hydrangea macrophylla:80% microwave firepower drying 2 minutes;Hibiscus syriacus f.paeoniflorus: the large petals were 4 gear temperature of electric iron drying 2 minutes,the small petals were 3 gear temperature of electric iron drying 80 to 90 seconds;Camellia japonica: 80% microwave firepower + drying time 3.5 minutes;Nerium indicum: the oven drying at 50 deg.c for 2 hours;Zephyranthes candida（Lindl.）Herb.: the oven drying at 50 deg.c for 2.5 hours;Daucus carota and Erigeron annuus: 4 gear temperature of electric iron + drying 3 minutes;Hypericum patulum: 4 gear temperature of electric iron + drying time 2 to 2.5 minutes,or 80% microwave firepower + drying time 4.5 minutes;Hypericum monogynum: The temperature of electric iron was 3 gear and the drying time was（3+0.5）minutes;Cassia bicapsularis: 80% microwave firepower + drying 2 minutes;Coreopsis basalis:the whole flowers were around by cotton or intermittently dried by microwave,and the electric iron,the petals were at 4 gear temperature of electric iron + drying time 1.5 minutes.3.Studying on color preserving effect of 4 kinds of red-pink flowersThe effects of different concentration,different temperature and different soaking time on the color retention of flowers were studied by using two different color retention agent.The results showed that by soaking or smearing color retention agent,and combining with microwave drying,the color preservation effect of dried flower was bettert.The better effect of color retention: 10% citric acid was good for pink flower or 10% tartaric acid was good for red flowers.The best treatment for color protecting: Salvia splendens was 10% tartaric acid soaking for 15 minutes + 100% microwave firepower + drying time 30 seconds;Rhododendron pulchrum: 10% tartaric acid soaking for 20 minutes + 100% microwave firepower + drying time 2 minutes;Lagerstroemia indica: 5% citric acid soaking for 15 minutes or 10% citric acid soaking for 5 minutes;Camellia japonica: 10% citric acid soaking for about 20 minutes,or 15% to 20% citric acid soaking for 15 to 20 minutes,and 100% microwave firepower drying one minute.4.Studying on bleaching of several kinds of flowers:The effects of three different bleaching liquid concentration,two different bleaching liquid pH and different bleaching time on the bleaching effect of 3 kinds of flowers were studied by using sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide as bleaching agent.The results showed that different colors and textures of the flowers have different bleaching effects.The yellow Hypericum monogynum and Coreopsis basalis were not easy to bleach,but the pink Rhododendron pulchrum was easy.The higher the bleaching liquid pH of H₂O₂,the higher the bleaching speed,but the greater damage to flowers.Therefore,as to the best bleaching solution concentration of the two bleaching methods,NaClO was 2% to 3%,H₂O₂ was 10% to 15%.The bleaching speed of NaClO was faster than that of H₂O₂,the basic bleaching time was more than 8 hours both Hypericum monogynum and Coreopsis basalis,the Rhododendron pulchrum was about 5 hours.5.Studying on the dyeing of several pressed flowers:Two different concentrations of four different colors of edible pigment were used to study on the in vivo color absorption of flowers.The results showed that the dyeing effect of flowers was affected by the texture,color,structure of the flower itself and properties of dyes,and dyeing speed of 4 different color dyes was that lake blue > fruit green > carmine > lemon yellow.Within a certain range,the dyeing speed increases with the increasing of dye concentration and dyeing time,and the more fresh and the lighter color of the flowers,the better the dyeing effect.The time of complete coloring of the flowers was 3 hours for Hypericum monogynum and Coreopsis basalis,and 2 hours for Erigeron annual,and 1.5 hours for wild Daucus carota.