| In view of the problems of poor soil nutrient quality,low microbial activity and low production capacity,this study was based on the long-term localization experiment of Xishandi Village in Xiangyuan County of Shanxi Province.The effects of organic materials on soil properties were studied,in which we tried to understand the effects of organic materials on soil nutrient content,organic carbon content and soil microbial activity.The results were as follows:(1)In the mine reclaimed soil,soil organic carbon,soil microbial activity and soil nutrient increased significantly with the increase of organic material's application years,especially on the surface of mine reclaimed soil.The effects of different organic materials on soil organic carbon,soil microbial activity and soil nutrient were different.(2)The contents of soil organic carbon,soil microbial activity and soil nutrient content were significantly increased under the condition of nitrogen fertilizers in reclaimed soil.(3)After 5 years of continuous application of organic materials,the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in reclaimed soil has increased.The effect of different organic materials on reclaimed soil nutrient was different.The results were as follows: The application of biochar and biogas can significantly improve soil organic content.The application of the slag can significantly improve the total nitrogen and effective phosphorus content of the soil.The use of biochar and cow manure can significantly improve the soil's rapid potassium content.(4)After 5 years of continuous application of organic materials,the total organic carbon,easily oxidized organic carbon,intractable index and humus carbon content of reclaimed soil has increased.Different organic materials had different effects on the total organic carbon content of reclaimed soils.The results were as follows: nitrogen application area,the application of biochar could significantly increase the total organic carbon content in the soil,44% higher than the control.The composting couldsignificantly increase the content of organic carbon in the soil,which was 10% higher than that of the control.The application of biogas residue could significantly increase soil recalcitrant index,31% higher than the control;and it can also significantly improve soil humus carbon content,compared with the control increased by 17%.No nitrogen area,the application of biogas residue could significantly increase the total organic carbon content in the soil,33% higher than the control.The application of compost could significantly increase the content of organic carbon in the soil,which was 24% higher than that of the control.The application of biochar could significantly increase the soil recalcitrant index,10% higher than the control.The application of cow dung could significantly increase the soil humus carbon content,which was 54%higher than the control.(5)After 5 years of continuous application of organic materials,the microbial flora,microbial diversity and enzyme activity of the reclaimed soil has increased.Different organic materials have different effects on the microbial characteristics of reclaimed soil.The results were as follows: nitrogen application area,actinomycetes and fungi increased by 172%,255%,86% respectively,in the case of nitrogen fertilizer.The use of straw and cow manure can significantly improve the use of soil microbial carbon sources.With the application of the cow manure,the amount of sucrose enzyme in the soil was increased by 49% compared to the control;And the increase of soil phosphatase content was increased by 20%,with the use of biogas residue.The amount of soil urease was increased by 88%,with the use of straw.The amount of hydrogen peroxidase in soil was increased by 3%,with the use of biochar.No nitrogen area,the number of three microorganisms in the soil was significantly increased by applying the compost,and the number of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi increased by 16%,46% and 150% respectively.The use of cow manure can significantly improve the utilization of soil microbial carbon sources.The application of straw can significantly increase the amount of sucrose enzyme in the soil,up by59% compared with the control.The increase of soil phosphatase content increased by22% compared with the comparison.The amount of soil urease was significantly increased by the use of cow manure,up by 68% compared with the control.The amount of hydrogen peroxidase in soil was increased by 2%,with the use of biochar.Cow dung,biogas residue or compost can be used as the preferred organic material to improve soil ecological indicators such as soil organic carbon content,soil microbial diversity and soil nutrient accumulation in the reclaimed soil. |
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