Technology And Mechanism Of Water And Fertilizer Regulation On Resistanting To Low-temperature Meteorological Disaster During Grain Full Of Early Rice And Cold Clews Wind Weather Of Late Rice

Low-temperature meteorological disaster during grain full of early rice and cold clews wind weather of late rice is southern China and the Yangtze River in the middle and lower reaches of the frequent agricultural meteorological disasters.The purpose of this study is the effects of water and fertilizer regulation measures of Low-temperature meteorological disaster during grain full of early rice and cold clews wind weather conditions,formation and physiological characteristics of double cropping rice yield,to explore practical technology can be applied to the way,In order to investigate the differences in the formation of different nitrogen treatments under different conditions and the physiological and ecological mechanism of different rice varieties under low temperature damage in autumn.Selection of double season early rice varieties Ganxin 203 and late rice Wufengyou T025 for the material,2014-2016 for three consecutive years in Jiangxi Province,irrigation test center station for water and fertilizer regulation of cold field trials,the use of field trials,phased sowing,select the natural conditions of early rice and late rice cold dew occurred in the sowing date,respectively Set different irrigation methods and foliar fertilizer treatment.The different rice varieties were selected,and the treatments were carried out with different nitrogen fertilizers.The physiological and ecological indexes such as yield,temperature,photosynthesis,osmotic adjustment and protective enzyme system were examined.The main results were as follows:Early rice grain full cold and late rice low temperature damage in autumn cropping yield caused by different degree of decline,on cumber control measures can slow down production decrease.Compared with the control group : in 2014,0.1%,0.3% and 0.5% of KH₂PO₄ and foliar fertilizer and plant ash can improve the early rice yield respectively7.29%,8.94%,6.70%,8.38%,the yield of late rice was 7.55%,10.98%,6.38%,10.98%;Day night to fill irrigation 4 5 cm,8 to 10 cm,deep-water irrigation 8 10 cm can improve the early rice yield 3.77%,5.66% and 3.77% respectively,improve the yield of late rice was 6.28%,12.30%,6.28%;2015 spraying 0.1%,0.3% and 0.1% of KH₂PO₄ and foliar fertilizer and plant ash can improve the early rice yield respectively 0.87%,4.68%,3.14%,4.68%,yield of late rice was 10.80%,14.04%,10.68%,14.04%;Day night to fill the deep irrigation 4 5 cm,8 to 10 cm,deep-water irrigation 8 10 cm can improve the early rice yield 1.40%,4.80% and 1.40% respectively,improve the yield of late rice was4.98%,13.51% and 10.64%.In general,different water and fertilizer control measures can effectively improve the yield of early and late rice under the influence of low temperature,among which the effect of daytime irrigation is 8 10 cm and 0.3% foliar fertilizer are good.Under the condition of low temperature nitrogen can cause excessive reduced yieldand seed setting rate,2015 high nitrogen treatment and super high nitrogen treatment than normal nitrogen treatment will reduce the yield of late rice respectively 1.20%,7.54%,reduce the rate of 8.59%,15.86%,Production performance for normal nitrogen treatment N2（control）> high nitrogen N3 > high nitrogen treatment N4 interchange > low nitrogen treatment N1,seed setting rate of low nitrogen treatment N1 > normal nitrogen N2（control）> high nitrogen treatment N3 > high nitrogen treatment N4 interchange;2016excess nitrogen yield and seed setting rate was lower than normal nitrogen treatment.At low temperature,the yield of high nitrogen,high nitrogen and normal nitrogen production was reduced by high nitrogen > high nitrogen > normal nitrogen.The normal production of n application performance under different varieties for Wufengyou T025 >H You518 >Rongyou 225 > Huang Huazhan,Seed setting rate of H You 518 > Wufengyou T025 > Rongyou 225 >Huang Huazhan.Relationship between defense technology mainly by improving the seed setting rate slowed the decline in output.Overall,certain irrigation methods and depth and a certain amount of fertilizer in resistance to low temperature to rice,while excessive fertilization or water treatment against rice resistance to low temperature.There were differences in the response of different cultivars to low temperature.From an overall physiological indexes perspective,the overall water heat preservation and good water spraying on the leaf fertilizer regulation as early as late rice leaf moderate the ascension of soil temperature,is helpful to slow down the rice leaf SPAD value,net photosynthesis,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO₂ concentration decreased;After low temperature approaching free proline,soluble protein,MDA content,POD and SOD enzyme activity were rising,CAT activity decline;Different nitrogen treatment late rice leaf to leaf SPAD value,net photosynthesis,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO₂ concentration,low temperature comes after free proline,MDA content and POD enzyme activity were rising,soluble protein content,SOD and CAT enzyme activity decreased.