| With the implementation of ecological construction projects,banded artificial forests of Caragana intermedia have increased in area year by year in northern China.Stubble utilization is of great significance to improve the artificial Caragana intermedia and to alleviate the shortage of forage in animal husbandry.Artificial forest and forest grassland in desert steppe planted with bands of Caragana intermedia at 4,6 and 8 m spacings were used,to clarify the effect of different stumping months and stubble height(0,5,10,and 15 cm)on the nutrient content and regenerative properties.Changes in soil physical and chemical properties,air temperature,wind speed and the quantity of wind erosion were examined as they were influenced by different stubble and belt spacings of Caragana intermedia forest.The different management practices of stubble spacing were:All stubble(QP),Stubble three belt with one belt no stubble(G1P3),Stubble two belt with one belt no stubble(G1P2),Stubble one belt with one belt no stubble(G1P1),Stubble one belt with two belt no stubble(G2P1),Stubble one belt with three belt no stubble(G3P1),No stubble(WP),To clarify the optimal harvest period,stubble height and stubble pattern of C.intermedia has important significance for its scientific utilization.The results show that:(1)In each growth period,crude protein,crude fat,acid detergent fiber,neutral detergent fiber and crude ash content of Caragana intermedia showed fluctuation,wherein the crude protein content was between 11.19%-15.38%(highest June);(2)Stubble height did not affect regeneration rate,number of branches or aboveground biomass in the same year.Diameter increment per day and crown size of stubble were the highest in 0 and the lowest in 15 cm stubble,and reviving rate increased as the stubble height decreased;(3)The reproduction speed and increments of crown and sprout diameter of the stubble in May and June were significantly greater than in the rest of the year,and the May-July stubble treatment had higher reviving rate.(4)QP treatment had the largest number of plant species occurring between bands of C.intermedia.The proportion of perennials treated with G1P1 is the largest,the plant cover,biomass and dominance of G2P1 were the highest,but the richness,diversity and evenness were the least.The richness,diversity and evenness of QP treatment were the highest(5)G3P1 treatment of 0-40 cm soil fine particles(2-50 um)content was the highest.Soil bulk density(0-40 cm)ranged from 1.55(G3P1 and WP)to 1.67(QP).Soil water content(0-180 cm)in G2P1 was the greatest(P<0.05).Soil nutrient concentrations(0-40 cm)of G2P1 were,in general,greater than in other stumping treatments(P<0.05).(6)The temperature of the forest was increased as stubbling decreased,and the change of the wind speed was opposite(P<0.05).On average,WP and G3P1 demonstrated sand accumulation while the other treatments lost soil to erosion.The amount of soil losses to blowing was lower in G1P1 and G2P1(P<0.05)(7)The forest grassland,of 8 m belt width was the highest in Perennial herb number,the proportion of important values,vegetation coverage and density(P<0.05),6m belt width was lower(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in biomass and diversity among band spacings(P>0.05).(8)The soil content,total nitrogen,organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium and available nitrogen in 0-40 cm soil of the forest with 8 m belt width were higher than 4 and 6 m(P<0.05),but the soil moisture content of 0-180 cm was greatest in the 6 m spacing.(9)The air temperature of Caragana intermedia forest with 8 m belt width was higher than that of 4 and 6 m(P<0.05),and the blowing rate was 6m>4m>8m(P<0.05).The correlation analysis showed that the vegetation characteristics were closely related to soil physical and chemical properties.In summary,considering from the feed nutrient composition and regeneration of Caragana intermedia,the best stubble period is June and stubble height is close to the ground in desert steppe of Ningxia.The recommended pattern for stubble treatments is to cut one belt with two belts retained.The planting distance of the three planting bands with the best suitable for planting stubble spacing was 8 m distance. |
PDF Full Text Request