| Henan is one of the important areas which produce fragrant tobacco leaves.However,due to serious soil degradation,the sustainable development of tobacco in this area has been affected.Based on summarizing the study of modified soil both at home and abroad,the field experiment systematically studied the effects of tobacco soil improvement,tobacco growth,yield and quality in Henan after the application of different organic materials from 2015 to 2016.And the aim was to find out the best way of fertilization to improve the quality of tobacco planting soil and tobacco leaf in Henan and to provide scientific theoretical support for fertilization in the tobacco planting soil in Henan.Six different fertilizer combinations,namely,no fertilization(CK),sole application of chemical fertilizer(T1),thoroughly decomposed wheat straw with chemical fertilizer(T2),biological C with chemical fertilizer(T3),rapeseed cake fertilizer with chemical fertilizer(T4),and cattle manure with chemical fertilizer(T5),were applied to tobacco field soil.The results were as follows:1.Effects on carbon and nitrogen indexes in the soil after the application of both organic matter and chemical fertilizer.At 15 dap,30 dap,45 dap,60 dap,75 dap,90 dap,T5 increased the percentages of MBC by 85.95%,40.16%、45.86%,48.82%,85.62%,40.43%,when compared with T1.total carbon and nitrogen,the rate of carbon and nitrogen,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content and the rate of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were higher than that T1.According to cluster analysis,the effects of all treatments on soil total carbon and nitrogen,the rate of carbon and nitrogen,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content and the rate of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen could be divided into three categories:(1)T3,T4;(2)T2,T5;(3)T1.2.Effects on organic carbon with various forms in the soil after the application of both organic matter and chemical fertilizer.During the whole growth period,T5 increased the percentages of TOC,DOC,LOC by 44.22%,72.13%,83.15%,when compared with CK.Applying both organic material and chemical fertilizer could increase the TOC,DOC,LOC in the tobacco planting soil,and the effect of the application of T5 was the most significant,followed by T2,T4.All treatments could increase the release of CO2,and the effect of single application of chemical fertilizer was better than other treatments.And the mineralized carbon content of applying T5 was the lowest.The application of both organic material and chemical fertilizer had a positive significance for improving soil carbon pool activity,carbon pool activity index,carbon pool index and carbon pool management index,with the treatment of T5 being the most significant.According to cluster analysis,the effects of all treatments on soil organic carbon content with various forms could be divided into three categories:(1)T2,T3;(2)CK,T1;(3)T4,T5.3.Effects on the components of humus in the soil after the application of both organic matter and chemical fertilizer.During the whole growth period,T5 increased the percentages of total carbon of soil humus,HA,FA,HU,HA/FA,by 44.22%,70.96%,227.5%,53.24%,43.12%,150.8%,01.8%,when compared with CK.Applying both organic matter and chemical could increase the HU,HA,FA in the soil.And the effect of the application of T5 was the most significant,followed by T2,T4.After the analysis of the main components,it could be found that the comprehensive effect of applying different organic materials and chemical fertilizer was T5>T4>T2>T3>T1 in 2015 and T5>T4>T2>T3>T1>CK in 2016.After the clustering analysis,it could be found that the comprehensive effects of applying different organic materials and chemical fertilizer on the carbon components of soil humus in tobacco planting soil in 2015 could be divided into 3categories:(1)T2,T4,(2)T1,T3 and(3)T5;and in 2016,it could be divided into 2 categories:(1)T2,T4,T5 and(2)CK,T1,T3.4.Effects on the available nutrients and mineral elements in the soil after the application of both organic matter and chemical fertilizer.The results showed that: the content of alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil of applying both organic material and chemical fertilizer was higher than that of applying single chemical fertilizer.T5 being the most significant.During the growth and development period of tobacco,the content of mineral elements in the soil of applying both organic material and chemical fertilizer were higher than those of applying single chemical fertilizer,and different treatments had different promoting effects on the content of mineral elements,T5 being the most significant.5.Effects of different organic fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers on the gro wth and development of tobacco plants at different growth stages.During the whole growt h period,T5 increased the percentages of dry matter accumulation rate,dry weight,dry ma tter accumulation rate by 165.31%,32.40%,32.42%,when compared with T1.As a whole,the application of both organic material and chemical fertilizer could sustain the root acti vity of tobacco,improve the root quality and benefit the production of high quality toba cco leaves.6.Effects on the absorption and accumulation of mineral elements in tobacco leaves after the application of both organic material and chemical fertilizer.as a whole,the application of both organic material and chemical fertilizer could benefit the absorption of mineral elements of tobacco,and different treatments had different patterns of absorbing and accumulating different mineral elements.The application of both organic material and chemical fertilizer could improve the mineral elements of tobacco leaves after drying out,and different leaves could absorb different mineral elements at different levels.According to cluster analysis,The effects of applying different organic materials and chemical fertilizer on the mineral elements of the dried upper tobacco leaves could be divided into 4 categories:(1)T2,T3,T5;(2)CK;(3)T4;(4)T1.And those of the dried middle tobacco leaves could be divided into 2 categories:(1)CK,T3,T4;(2)T1,T5,T2.And those of the dried lower tobacco leaves could be divided into 3 categories:(1)CK,T3,T4;(2)T1,T5;(3)T2.The application of both organic material and chemical fertilizer significantly increased the content of Mn and Fe in tobacco leaves.The effects of applying different organic materials and chemical fertilizer on the mineral elements of the dried upper tobacco leaves could be divided into 4 categories:(1)T1,T2;(2)T3,T5;(3)CK;(4)T4.And those of the dried middle tobacco leaves could be divided into 2 categories:(1)CK,T4,T5;(2)T1,T3;(3)T2.And those of the dried lower tobacco leaves could be divided into 4 categories:(1)T3,T2;(2)T1;(3)T4,T5;(4)CK.7.Effects on the quality of tobacco leaves after the application of both organic mater ial and chemical fertilizer.The application of both organic material and chemical fertilize r could improve the coordination of conventional chemical substances in tobacco leaves.Different treatments had different effects on neutral aroma components in different parts of tobacco leaves.And,the total amount of neutral aroma compounds of applying both o rganic material and chemical fertilizer was higher than that of applying single chemical f ertilizer and CK.The application of both organic material and chemical fertilizer could i mprove the physical properties of tobacco leaves(filling value,tension resistance,thicknes s,single leaf weight,equilibrium moisture content,leaf length and leaf width),and differ ent treatments had different effects on different physical indexes of tobacco leaves.T5 ha d the most significant effect on improving the physical indexes of tobacco leaves.In summary organic combined with chemical fertilizer was beneficial to improve tobacco soil.It is also good to tobacco plant growth and development and tobacco quality.T1 is the best effect,T2 and T4 are the second,T3 is the worst. |
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