| Epimedium pseudowushanense B.L.Guo is a perennial herb belonging to the family Berberidaceae,which was mainly distributed in the Southeast State of Guizhou province.It was frequently mistaken for Epimedium wushanense T.S.Ying,because of the similarities of leaf morphology and quality.The Epimedin C and Epimedium glycoside compounds of Epimedium pseudowushanense was high and stable,so it had considerable medicinal value.Nowadays,the medical resource of epimedium was almost from field.Along with the people demand growth,the reserves of wild resources of epimedium declined sharply by years.As a result,it is badly in need of realizing the cultivation.After ten years of introduction and domestication,large-scale cultivation of Epimedium pseudowushanense was preliminarily realized in leishan county of the Southeast State of Guizhou province.It was the first species of Epimedium L.which plant area had spread for a few hundred mu.The physical and chemical properties of Epimedium pseudowushanense growing soils were investigated and analyzed in order to find out the most influenced soil physical and chemical indexes and the appropriate content of Epimedium pseudowushanense.Soil samples were collected from wild,cultivated slopes and flatland,and the soils with good growth and poor growth.The contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,organic matter,available nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and other 10 indicators were determinated and the results were compared with each group.We found:?The nitrogen nutrition and pH value in the soil had an great effect on the growth of Epimediump seudowushanense.The alkali-hydro nitrogen content(297 mg·kg-1)and inorganic nitrogen content(54 mg·kg-1)in the soil in which Epimedium pseudowushanense grew well was higher than alkali-hydro nitrogen content(177 mg·kg-1)and inorganic nitrogen content(29 mg·kg-1)in the soil in which Epimedium pseudowushanense grew poor.Under cultivation environment,inorganic nitrogen content was around 110 mg·kg-1 in the soil with both well growth and poor growth,indicated that inorganic nitrogen content reaches a certain value may had no significant influence on Epimedium pseudowushanense growth.? It may grow well on acidic(5.0<pH<6.5)or neutral(6.5<pH<7.5)soils,but may grow poorly on strong acidic soils.The second,nitrogen nutrition in Epimedium pseudowushanense was studied under hydroponic conditions by single factor design in the greenhouse.Nitrogen concentrations and nitrogen forms was divided in the experimental area,the part of nitrogen concentrations consisted of 7 treatments(N0?N6):0,2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0,13.0 mmol·L-1,while the part of nitrogen forms consisted of 5 treatments,T1-T5,which n(N03-N):n(NH4-N)was 5:0,4:1,2.5:2.5,1:4,0:5 respectively,the total nitrogen applied was 5 mmol·L-1.The processing time was last two months.The experiment was conducted to determine the indexes of growth(leaf,stem and roots dry weights,biomass,soluble sugar and soluble protein),the contents of active ingredients(epidemin A,B,C,icariin,rhamanopyranosyl Icarisid ?),photosynthetic pigments(chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoids)contents,photosynthetic parameters(photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration,transpiration rate),fluorescence parameters(Y(?),ETR(?),Y(?),ETR(?),etc)to explore the effect of nitrogen concentrations and nitrogen forms of Epimediumpseudowushanense.The experiment main results are as follows:1 The nitrogen concentrations test:The results showed that along with the increase of nitrogen concentration,biomass(dry weight)and leaf dry weight increased,which in N5 treatment was 29%,23%higher than NO and 36%,23%higher than N4 respectively,but not significantly different from N6 treatment.Roots and stem dry weights did not change significantly.Pn and the contents of photosynthetic pigments were higher in N3-N5 treatments.Epimedin A,B,C,icariin and total flavonoids contents were lowest in N3 treatment,suddenly increase in N4 treatment and only a little change between N4-N6 treatments.N5 treatment with the highest epimedin C content was 131%higher than N3 treatment with the lowest epimedin C content(P<0.05).2 The nitrogen forms test:Biomass,leaf and stem dry weights were highest in T3 treatment and lower in T1 and T5 treatments,without significance between T1 and T5 treatments.These indicators in T3 treatment was more than 30%higher than those in T1 treatment.The impact of nitrogen concentrations was greater than nitrogen forms on flavonoids.Epmedin C content was highest in T1 treatment,only 5%-8%higher than that in T2?T5 treatments(no significance between 4 treatments).Epimedin A,B,icariin and total flavonoids contents were higher in T1 treatment,lowest in T2 treatment,those in T1 treatment was 41%,62%and 27%higher than T2 treatment respectively(P<0.05).In a word,Epimedium pseudowushanense is a high nitrogen tolerant plant,10.0 mmol·L-1 was the boundary point between growing genal to well and the optimal nitrogen concentration for it was 10.0?13.0 mmol·L-1 Besides,it prefers to grow in NO3-plus NH4+ and the optimal proportion was 2.5:2.5. |
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