| Straw are rich biological resources,straw returning can not only improve soil nutrients,fertility,improve the quality of arable land,but also increase crop yields.Straw returning to fields as a direct and effective way of straw utilization,not only can solve the problem of straw pollution,but also can promote the recycling of rural nutrient resources and agricultural sustainable development.In this experiment,the typical black soil of Zhalaite town was used as the object of study.By studying the effects of different straw returning to soil on the physical,chemical and biological characteristics of black soil and yield of maize,Transformation process,clear straw to the improvement of the black land mechanism for the straw to improve the soil environment to provide a theoretical basis for improving the yield of corn to provide technical reference.The results showed that:1.Compared with CK,the treatments of straw returning to field increased the temperature of 0-10cm soil layer at seedling stage and mature stage,and decreased the soil temperature during jointing stage and grain filling stage.Compared with the cooling effect at jointing stage and grain filling stage,the warming effect of straw returning field at seedling stage and mature stage was more obvious,and with the increase of field loading,the increase of temperature was higher,and the surface temperature of JG5 increased most.The results showed that the soil bulk density decreased with the increase of straw returning rate,and the soil bulk density decreased obviously.2.The contents of soil organic matter in 0-10cm and 10-20cm soil layers were significantly increased during the seedling stage and jointing stage,and the content of organic matter increased with the increase of field returning.During the grain filling stage,the soil organic matter content was increased by the treatment of straw and returning straw,and the increase of soil organic matter content increased with the increase of field returning.The content of nitrate and ammonium in soil decreased gradually with the growth period,and the content of soil layer in seedling stage was higher than that in other period.The results showed that there was no significant effect on the contents of nitrate and ammonium in soil.When the field was more than 12000Kg/hm2,the treatments of straw and field could significantly increase the contents of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in soil,and the increase was in a positive correlation with the rate of straw returning.3.The effect of each treatment on soil enzyme activity was mainly in 0-20cm soil layer.The inoculase activity and the JG4 and JG5 of 0-20cm soil layer increased by 51.5%and 38.8%respectively compared with CK.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the activity of catalase between 20-40cm and 40-60cm soil layers,but the treatments of straw to field increased the soil 0-20cm The activity of catalase in the soil layer increased with the increase of the amount of catalase,and the increase of the activity of the catalase increased with the increase of the field.The treatment of the straw was increased by 0-20cm and 20-40cm The results showed that the activity of alkaline phosphatase was JG4>JG5>JG2>JG3>JG1>CK,and the treatments were 49.2%and 37.5%higher than CK respectively,22.3%,15.2%and 6.3%respectively.The results showed that the increase rate of JG5 and JG4 was the most significant compared with that of CK,and the increase of soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass N in 0-20cm soil layer at maturity was the most significant.Compared with CK increased by 36.2%and 33.3%and 94.5%and 86.6%,respectively(P<0.05).4.The treatments increased the grain weight and yield of maize in different degrees,and the increase of yield increased with the increase of the field.The grain weight and yield of each treatment were increased by 12.0%,11.4%,10.8%,9.3%,3.9%and 7.1%、5.1%、2.9%、2.4%、1.7%respectively. |
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