Effects Of Application Of Humic Acid Fertilizer Combined With Straw On Grape Growth And Soil Fertility

Straw application is one of the important agronomic measures to improve the orchard soil,it can not only enrich the soil but also improve the permeability,fertilizer and water retention of the soil,and these are the direct environmental factors that affect the growth of fruit trees.The active substances in humic acid fertilizers have a positive effect on the activation of soil nutrients,improving the soil of physical and chemical structure,and improving fertilizer efficiency,so as to ensure the continuous supply of nutrients needed for the normal growth of fruit trees.In this study,the soil fertility was improved and the soil nutrient was activated by the integrated fertilization technique of humic acid fertilizer combined with straw.The soil nutrient environment was created for grape growth and development,and the effect of high yield and high quality was achieved.In this study,corn stalks and humic acid fertilizers(humic acid ≥ 30 g / L,boron ≥ 12 g / L,total nutrient(N + P2O5 + K2O)≥ 200 g / L,active substance 1/1000,pH 8.5)was used as the research material to study the effect of the grape growth,nutrient uptake and yield quality of the grapevine soil under the treaments of the application of maize dry straw(3.75 t · hm-2)on the basis of conventional fertilization(CK),application of humic acid fertilizer(30 m L / strain,HA),and the combination of the two treatments(ST + HA).And also researched the change characteristics of the vineyard soil of physical and chemical structure(Porosity,bulk density,pH and nutrient content),humic components and enzyme activities under the application of humic acid fertilizer combined with straw.The main findings are as follows: 1.The application of humic acid fertilizer combined with straw can significantly increase grape fruit yield and improve fruit quality.Compared with the CK yield(19810 kg · hm-2),the yield of ST and HA was 6.0 % and 7.7 % respectively,and the increase of ST + HA was 12.3 %,and the increase was significant(p < 0.05).The treatment of ST + HA could significantly increase the panicle weight,the number of single grains per spike and the fruit weight,and the small fruit rate decreased from 18.3 % to 8.5 %.There was no significant difference in the contents of VC,but the content of soluble solids in the fruit was significantly increased,the titratable acid decreased significantly under the treaments of ST and ST + HA,and the solid acid ratio was 19.0 and 27.2,respectively,which was 2.2 and 10.4 higher than that of CK.2.The application of humic acid fertilizer combined with straw can promote the growth and development of grapes.Compared with the CK,the straw deep application(ST),the application of humic acid fertilizer(HA)and the combination of the two treatments(ST + HA)of the growth index(shoot length,the length and number of inflorescence,inflorescence weight,functional leaf area,chlorophyll content(SPAD),ear length and fruit diameter)were increased to varying degrees,and the increase trend was ST + HA> HA> ST.3.The application of humic acid fertilizer combined with straw can promote the nutrient uptake of grape growth.Compared with conventional fertilization(CK)treatment,the ST,HA and ST + HA treatments could increase the contents of N,P,K,B and Zn in grape leaves,and the effect of ST + HA was the most significant.The contents of N,P and K in the leaves of grapevine treated with ST + HA were significantly increased in each period(flowering stage,young fruit stage,strong fruit stage and mature stage).The B content of grape leaves was 17.5 mg · kg-1 increased to 28.5 mg · kg-1,but had no significant effect on the Zn content of grape leaves.4.The application of humic acid fertilizer combined with straw can significantly improve the soil physical and chemical properties,thereby enhancing the soil fertility.Compared with CK treatment,the ST,HA and ST + HA treatments could increase soil total porosity,porosity and saturated water content,reduce the soil bulk density,so as to improve soil moisture retention,and the best treatment was ST + HA.In addition,soil pH(5.72-6.25)increased 0.21-0.53 units,soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium increased by 1.04-3.05 g · kg-1,3.97-16.85 mg · kg-1,0.66-6.10 mg · kg-1,21.8-47.1 mg · kg-1.Due to the nutrient activation of the humic acid fertilizer and the small amount of boron content,the available boron content increased significantly from 0.32 mg · kg-1 to 0.59 mg · kg-1.The above indexes were the best with the application of humic acid fertilizer and straw,and the effect was more significant with the increase of treatment time.Compared with CK treatment,the application of straw and humic acid fertilizer could significantly increase the carbon content of soil organic carbon and humus components,and the best treatment was the ST + HA.Under the two years,s(2015 and 2016)treaments,the content of extracted humus carbon(HC)increased by 6.0% and 17.1%,respectively;the humic acid carbon(HAC)increased by 20.4% and 28.8%,respectively;and the PQ(HAC/HC)vaule rised from 45.8-46.3 % to 50.4-52.5 %;the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid(HAC/FAC)increased from 0.84-0.86 to 1.02-1.11.The PQ and HAC/FAC in 2016 were all declining compared with 2015,but the humus quality was significantly improved relative to CK,and the soil fertility was improved.5.The application of humic acid fertilizer combined with straw can significantly enhance the soil in a variety of oxidoreductase enzyme activity.On the basis of conventional fertilization(CK),the application of humus-containing fertilizer could significantly increase the activity of soil oxidoreductase(urease,acid phosphatase,sucrase,catalase),and its activity index(GMea)for the ST + HA> HA> ST> CK,and with the increase in processing performance for the upward trend.In summary,the application of humic acid fertilizer combined with straw can improve the soil physical and chemical properties(soil pH,soil moisture retention,soil available nutrient content),to enhance soil humus quality and humification degree(PQ value,HAC/FAC),Increase the soil enzyme activity,and then enhance the soil fertility,for the grape quality and high yield provides a good soil environmental conditions.