Genetic Diversity And Genetic Structure Of Zizania Latifolia Based On SSR Analysis

There are four species of Zizania in world,they are aquatica,latifolia,palustris and texana,respectively.The latifolia are distributed in East Asia and the other three subspecies are distributed in North America.Latifolia as one of the four species of latifolia,are widely distributed in lakes,swamps and wetlands in China of northeast,central,southeastern and southwest.There are increasingly promising applications of mushroom because of its own high nutritional value,ecological value,ornamental value and genetic value..In recent years,the concerns of latifolia have been increased in world,but few studies on the genetic diversity and genetic structure of latifolia were reported.In this study,we identified seven ideal pairs of wild markers from 24 SSR markers of latifolia by researching the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 25 wild populations in five regions of China.So as to improve the basic information of latifolia in China,and provide the corresponding theoretical basis and reference for the protection and germplasm utilization of the species.The main results were as follows:(1)This study introduces the origin,distribution,value and application of latifolia in China.And we focuses on illustrating the application of latifolia in garden construction to apply more excellent designers pay more attention to the ornamental and ecological value of latifolia,and then,promoting its application in the future garden construction and environmental restoration.(2)We sampled the growth areas of latifolia in main lakes,wetlands,swamps,ditches and ponds of the nine rivers and 27 provinces of China.And we found that many areas of latifolia populations have disappeared,some lake areas significantly reduced And a few of the lakes and rivers that have reported large biomass of latifolia are also at risk of habitat loss.We aimed to analyzing the restricted factors of sustainable development of latifolia,and then put forward some relevant protection strategies.(3)The genetic diversity of latifolia in China is abundant and the polymorphic loci is as high as 92.19%,but there is a big difference between these populations,the high percentage of polymorphic loci for HZH,TAIH and DTH populations are 82.18%,71.88% and 76.56% respectively and the low average polymorphic loci for SH,CX,CHH,ZHZ,CD and CQ population is 0.00 %,which resulted in about 31.87% of the 25 populations.The number of wild allele(Na)and effective allele number(Ne)were low,and about 1.922 and 1.448 respectively.Nei's gene diversity index(H)and Shannon's diversity index(I)were high,which were 0.256 and 0.388 respectively.(4)The genetic variation among wild populations in China is 60.92%,and in the population the number is 39.08%.The genetic variation of analysis by AMOVA for latifolia is mainly existence between the population(51.87%).The average gene flow Nm is 0.321(Nm <1),The research suggest that genetic drift plays a role in the genetic differentiation of latifolia.(5)On the genetic structure the populations of latifolia can be divided into two groups,southern populations and the northern populations except Dalian group.In the evolutionary relationships,they are divided into two branches by the common ancestor,Taihu branch(including one northern and 17 southern populations)and Hongze Lake branch(including five northern and two southern populations).There is a geographical affinity among the populations and the habits of latifolia can be reasonable to explain the conclusions.