Evaluation Of Green Appearance Percentage In Recreational Open Space

Recreational open space,with the speeding up of urbanization process,is becoming more important as part of the support and carrier of leisure and recreational activities.Green appearance percentage provides a new perspective to quantify the spatial visibility green biomass.The study on eye tracking started early,but only few of them is on landscape visual quality evaluation.This paper presents the research which focuses on correlation between green appearance percentage,landscape components in the scene and user's landscape evaluation,and provides insight for design and management.In this study,Xujiahui Park,the West Bund and Kangjian Green Garden were chosen as study areas to represent the types of park,waterfront recreation area and community recreation in Xuhui District,Shanghai.The first process of this study refers to twenty photographs that depicted recreational open spaces with different levels of green appearance percentage and counts the proportion of plant elements and non-plant elements in each photo scene.From October to November,2016,83 people were surveyed using eye tracking and web photo-questionnaire consisting of these photographs.The survey was analyzed using SPSS statistic methods including one-way ANOVA,bivariate correlation and partial correlation analysis in order to analyze correlation between user's landscape evaluation,eye tracking data and the proportion of landscape components in the scene.The results show:(1)Photographs with high green appearance percentage were perceived as high landscape evaluation.To this issue,in recreational open space,to plant planting can improve the visual landscape quality and increase user's favor.In the aspect of plant elements,the subjects paid more attention to trees and aquatic plants than other types of plants.Shrubs and grass were less concerned.(2)Green appearance percentage,landscape components in the scene and user's landscape evaluation are related.The landscape evaluation was positively correlated with the ratio of trees,shrubs,aquatic plants and water,and negatively correlated with hard landscape and visual dominant elements.This shows that the natural landscape elements contribute to the construction of leisure atmosphere,giving more beauty and comfort to people,while excessive artificial landscape elements will reduce the perception of green for people,and even destruct space leisure atmosphere.Meanwhile,the landscape evaluation and Total Fixation Duration,Fixation Count of trees are positively correlated;the landscape evaluation and Total Fixation Duration,Visit Count,Fixation Count of other people are positively correlated;the landscape evaluation and Total Fixation Duration,Visit Count,Fixation Count of visually dominant elements are negatively correlated,the landscape evaluation and Time to First Fixation of visually dominant elements are positively correlated.This indicates that people pay attention to trees and other people,less attention to visual dominant elements,may give a higher landscape evaluation.(3)By analyzing heatmaps,we can see compared to plants and hard landscape,the subjects are more concerned about other people and visual dominant elements in the high green appearance percentage of the scene.Even if the other people or visual dominant element is small in the scene,the subjects will find it soon and watch for a long time.Meanwhile,the end of the road and intersection of the center line of vision are more concerned areas.(4)On the influence of population factors on landscape evaluation,gender has significant effect on Visual Aesthetics,Spatial Comfort Degree and Satisfaction Degree on Leisure Function,men scoring these indicators higher than women 0.2-0.3 points,indicating that assessment of urban leisure space by men is slightly higher than women.In this study,there was no significant correlation between age,education and landscape evaluation.