| Aphelinidae(Hymenoptera,Chalcidoidea)are important natural enemy insects and play an important role in biological control of pests.Currently,systematic classification and phylogenetic research of Aphelinidae are necessary because some classification units are still chaotic.The phylogenetic relationship and subfamily and tribe division of 22 genera 55 species of Chinese Aphelinidae were analyzed,based on 63 external morphological features,including 1 overall feature,14 characters on head,19characters on thorax,5 characters on abdomen,19 characters on wing,5 characters on foot and leg,with three species of Thomsonisca typica、Anabrolepis bifasciata and Coccidencyrtus sp.as outgroups;In adition,studying on ITS2 rDNA of 17 Aphytis species and related sequences were download from the NCBI,and three species of genus Eretmocerus were set as outgroups.We constructed the phylogenetic trees by NJ(Neighbor-Joining method)、MP(Maximum parsimony method)and BI(Bayesian method)and analyzed the phylogeny relationship.The results are as follows:1.Hayat(1998)classification system was used for classifying Chinese Aphelinidae into 6 subfamilies(Aphelininae,Eriaphytinae,Azotinae,Coccophaginae,Euryischiinae and Eriaporinae),and the Aphelininae was divided into Aphytini(Aphytis,Centrodora,Marietta,Proaphelinoides and Marlattiella),Eretmocerini(Eretmocerus)and Aphelini(Aphelinus and Protaphelinus);The monotypic generas were Eriaphytinae(Eriaphytis),Azotinae(Ablerus(Azotus))and Euryischiinae(Myiocnema);The Coccophaginae was divided into Coccophagini(Coccophagus,Prococcophagus,Physcini(Coccobius)and Pteroptricini(Pteroptrix(Archenomus and Aphelosoma),Encarsia,Coccophagoides and Prococcophagus).2.Aphelininae,Azotinae,Euryischiinae,Eriaphytinae and Eriaporinae were monophyletic groups with a high bootstrap values;Coccophaginae was polyphyletic group.The most evolutionary branch was Aphelininae,and Eretmocerini and Marlattiella had a close evolution relationships;the Aphytini was polyphyletic group,and the most evolution was Aphytis;the Aphelinini was a monophyletic group and the most primitive in the Aphelininae.Coccophaginae was a complex group,the Pteroptricini was more evolution than Coccophagini and Physcini.Physcini was a monophyletic group,Pteroptricini and Coccophagini were complex groups,and the Prococcophagus of Coccophagini was suggested be restored.3.The study analysised 105 sequences of ITS2 rDNA of Aphtis,the average content of A+T was 52.6%,higher than that(47.4%)of G+C,and the transition ratio was 0.67 times as the transversion,with higher sequence variability.MEGA 6.05 software was used for calculating the intraspecific and interspecific genetic distance of ITS2 rDNA sequences of 17 Aphytis species.The results showed that the average intraspecific and interspecific genetic distance was 0-7.8%and 0.523 respectively,the genetic distance between A.nr diaspidis and Aphytis sp.2 was 0.023,and also more small amang A.holoxanthus,A.nr holoxanthus,A.melinus and Aphytis sp.1.However,the genetic distance between A.gordoni and Aphytis sp.12 were 0.889,and there also was bigger distance of A.gordoni,Aphytis sp.4 and Aphytis sp.3 than other species respectively.4.Analysis of phylogenetic relationship of Aphytis species,the results are as follows:the monophyletic lingnanensis group was divided into A.lingnanensis and Aphytis sp.1 +(Aphytis melinus +(A.holoxanthus +(A.nr holoxanthus))subgroups;chrysomphali and proclia groups were not monophyletic,and Aphytis sp.5 had a close relationship with some species of lingnanensis group.Z145 is the same species as A.nr diaspidis.The monophyletic funicularis group might be the most primitive among all the species in this study. |
