Effects Of Mechanical Transplanting Combined With Side-deep Fertilization On Rice Yield In Cold Area

The side-deep fertilizing machines can spread fertilizer to the side below of the rice seedlings at the same time of transplanting to achieve deep fertilization.At present,the machines have been widely used in production,and has a certain effect of saving fertilizer and increasing yield.In order to apply the machines more scientifically,this experiment compares the three fertilization methods of the application of the side-deep fertilizing machines.There are three different treatments in the test.Treatment one(FFP): using the side-deep fertilizing machines to spread the base fertilizer(70%N 、 100%P and 50%K),then artificially application panicle fertilizer on surface(30%N and 50%K).Treatment two(OPT1):artificially application of base fertilizer(30%N、70%P and 50%K),got on site preparation later,then using machines to spread controlled release mixed fertilizer(35%N、35%CN、30%P and 50%K).Treatment three(OPT2): spreading all the fertilizer with side-deep fertilizing machines of single application(65%N、35%CN、100%P and100%K).The indexes of soil inorganic nitrogen,dry matter and yield of rice were measured,so as to provide theoretical basis for scientific fertilization of paddy field.The main findings were showed as follows:Compared with the artificial panicle fertilizer treatment,the OPT treatments ensured the content of inorganic nitrogen in 0-20 cm soil layer.In the later stage of growth,NH4+-N content was slightly higher than the topdressing treatment,and NO3—N content was slightly lower than the topdressing treatment.After the heading stage,the SPAD value of rice leaves was significantly increased,and the nitrogen content of rice leaves was increased about 25.5%.Promoting rice dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation.At the mature stage,compared with FFP treatment,OPT1 increased dry matter accumulation by 13.9%(P<0.05),and increased nitrogen accumulation by 19.6%(P<0.05).While dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation in applying OPT2 were increased by 10.4%(P<0.05)and 16.1%(P<0.05),respectively.This indicated that the nutrient supply characteristics of controlled-release fertilizers could meet the demand of nutrients in the whole growth period of rice,and there was no problem with the shortage of fertilizer.Compared with FFP,OPT1 and OPT2 could provide nitrogen reasonably,and then improved earbearing tiller rate,increased rice numbers of panicles at maturity stage obviously.OPT1,compared with FFP treatment,increased panicle number by 8.48%(P<0.05),while OPT2 increasedpanicle number by 7.73%(P<0.05).Under the condition that other yield-relevant factors showed little differences,compared with FFP treatment,OPT1 increased rice yield by 9.72%(P<0.05),while OPT2 increased rice yield by 10.14%(P<0.05)averagely.In addition,PFP of OPT1 and OPT2 were significantly increased,which was better for environment.Although OPT1 and OPT2 increased the fertilizer input cost and the mechanical cost per unit area,but due to the significant increasing in rice yield,it could save labor costs of artificial topdressing,resulting in a significant increase in net income per hectare.Compared with FFP treatment,OPT1 and OPT2 could increase the average income by about 2397 yuan and 2617 yuan per hectare,respectively.In summary,OPT treatments could significantly increase rice yield,and OPT2 was slightly higher than OPT1,but the difference was not significant.Due to save the later mechanical costs of topdressing and the labor cost,significantly improved the economic benefits.Having a certain prospect for the promotion in the northern cold area.