Observation Of Flower Bud Morphological Differentiation And Variance Analysis Of Storage Nourishment Between Spring And Autumn Branches As Well As Leaves

‘Fuji’ apple,as a main variety in China,has the difficulty in flowering.In this study,the whole flower bud differentiation process was investigated using the 9-year-old Malus robusta/ M26 /NagafuNo.2 and 9-year-old Malus robusta/ M26 /Gala as materials.We then investigated the structures of the trees,observed the whole flower bud differentiation processes,and explored the differences between spring storage nutrition and autumn storage nutrition in different varieties of apple.The results were shown as follows:一.Comparison of the tree structure and observation on flower bud differentiation between ‘Fuji’ and ‘Gala’1.The internode density of ‘Fuji’ was slightly larger than that of ‘Gala’,and the bud starting node number of ‘Fuji’ was close to 4,while ‘Gala’ was about 2.5;the germination rate of ‘Fuji’ was lower than ‘Gala’,and the total germination rate of two varieties were 64%and 73%,respectively.2.The ratio of short branch of ‘Fuji’(69%)was lower than ‘Gala’(80%).The average number of effective leaves on the short branch of ‘Fuji’ was 0.5 less than ‘Gala’,6.5 and 7.0,respectively.3.‘Gala’ short branch(twelfth days after anthesis)reached peak period of stopping growth on April 21,while ‘Fuji’ short branch(fifteenth days after anthesis)reached the peak period of stop growth on April 26th;cumulative short branch stopping growth proportion of‘Fuji’ was close to that of ‘Gala’,reaching about 70% for ‘Fuji’ on April 26 th and about 90%for ‘Fuji’ on May 6th.4.Spur terminal budcollected from ‘Fuji’ was heavier than that of ‘Gala’ during the same period,and vertical and horizontal diameters of ‘Fuji’ were also longer than that of‘Gala’;especially in August,‘Fuji’ bud weight increased significantly,while the gala flower buds increased significantly in September;Predicting bud differentiation stage of ‘Fuji’ were earlier than that of ‘Gala’.5.On July 18 th,the proportion of buds at the differentiation stage of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Gala’reached more than 80%,and with the passage of time,bud of ‘Fuji’ observed each timeentering differentiation stage ranged from 50% to 95%,with the last time reaching at 75% on October 20th;bud of ‘Gala’ observed each time entering differentiation stage ranged from85% to 95%,with the last time reaching at 95% on October 20 th,and the flower rate of ‘Fuji’was significantly lower than that of ‘Gala’.6.Flower bud morphological differentiation period of apple could be divided into 6periods,and the shape characteristics were various in different periods;stage 1: initial stage of flower bud differentiation,stage 2-3: early stage of flower bud differentiation,stage 4: late stage of flower bud differentiation,stage 5: sepal stage of flower bud differentiation,stage 6:petal stage of flower bud differentiation,stage 7: stamen stage of flower bud differentiation;the whole flower bud differentiation started from late May to late October,experiencing about 5 months.7.The early stage Ⅰ of flower bud differentiation of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Gala’ lasted for a long time,and each phase alternates crossing with each other;duration of each period of ‘Fuji’ was longer than that of ‘Gala’,while the differentiation time of ‘Gala’ was relatively concentrated;the early stage Ⅱ of flower bud differentiation of ‘Fuji’ started 1 months earlier than that of‘Gala’,and lasted for a long time.This was perhaps one of the important reasons why flowering of ‘Fuji’ was more difficult than that of ‘Gala’.二.The storage nutrition differences in autumn annual branches and leaves of ‘Fuji’ and‘Gala’1.The annual branch N contents of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Gala’ increased after September 10 th,and decreased significantly after October 10 thtill the winter,while that of ‘Fuji’ increased significantly after November 9th;‘Gala’ P content decreased rapidly after reaching its peak on October 25 thwhile ‘Fuji’ P content was on the rise all the way,and the K contents of ‘Fuji’and ‘Gala’ increased significantly after November 9th;organic C and C / N ratio of annual branches of ‘Gala’ had been always on the rise,starting from the October 10 th,while that of‘Fuji’ decline rapidly after November 9th,indicating that the N and P in ‘Gala’ annual branches reflowed significantly in mid-to late October,while N,P and K in ‘Fuji’ annual branches accumulated more in mid-to late October,and the next year branches grow more prosperous.N,P and K contents of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Gala’ leaves from October 10 were in a downward trend,organic C and C / N ratio reached the lowest value on October 10,and then significantly increased.2.After germination in the spring,annual branches of N and P contents were in a downward trend,maintaining steady and gradual recovery after April 11 th,and the content of K gradually increased after germination;the content of organic C decreased rapidly aftergermination until April 25 th,and only that in ‘Fuji’ long branch picked up after April 10th;the ratio of C/N of ‘Gala’ was higher than that of ‘Fuji’,and that in ‘Gala’ long branch was higher than that of ‘Fuji’ in short branch.3.The survival rate of ‘Gala’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Fuji’,which has a certain relation with the spring and autumn storage nutrient.