Identification Of Wheat Mutant Characters Induced By EMS

Wheat is the main grain crop in China.The outstanding germplasm resources are important for wheat breeding.Pure purifying and rejuvenating of local varieties,introducing varieties and simply crossing are very difficult to get breakthrough in germplasm.The effective way to broad new wheat varieties is separating the variant materials through mutagenesis.EMS mutation is a powerful tool for innovating germplasm resources and exploiting new genes.Furthermore,it can speed up the progress of the breeding and promote the development of functional genomics.In recent years,the research on the influencing factors of EMS variation,the screening and identifying of progeny and the breeding of new crop varieties have made great progress.Therefore,EMS mutation is an important method for the innovation of wheat germplasm resources.In this study,the variation M3 lines of Xichang 76-9 were investigated in different developmental stages.Variations can be classified into 5 types according to the different phenotype.The 5 types include the variations in leaf type,plant type,ear type,grain type and plant height.In the meantime,the simple sequence repeats molecular markers and the high molecular weight glutenin subunit compositions in the mutant materials were analyzed.The main results are as follows:1.There were 4 leaf mutations,with a mutation rate of 0.21%?2.There were 84 stem character variation lines were obtained with a mutation rate of 4.49%.A total of 38 plant height mutations with a mutation rate of 2.03%;second for steme diameter mutation of a total of 18 with a mutation rate of 0.98%;third for tiller mutations 20 and with the mutation rate of 1.06%;fourth for cluster mutation of a total of 8 with a mutation rate of 0.43%.3.There were 94 panicle mutations were obtained,with the mutation rate of 5.02%.The panicle mutation types included branch shape,dense spikelet,short panicle.The total mutation rate was 1.18%;second for awn type mutation of a total of 45 with a mutation rate of 2.41%;third for grain variation of a total of 27 mutations were obtained,with the variation rate of 1.44%.4.Compared with the parents,the mutants varied not only on the DNA level,but also on the protein level,which supplied hard evidence for the truth of the wheat variation.Through SSR analysis,partly locus have the variation,and the difference in molecular level of the different character were directly reflected by the polymorphism fragments expanded by different primers.Through HMW SDS-PAGE analysis,the difference of molecular level were indirectly reflected by the different glutenin subunits composition.