| In recent years,the structure adjustment for agricultural and animal husbandry industries in nationwide,grass industry development of our country ushered in a new opportunity.Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is well known as the "King of Forage Grass",with the high yield,good quality,strong resistance,wide adaptability and many other good traits,and be considered as the key planting grass specie for the achievement of agricultural ternary planting structure.In view of the reality of agricultural development,forage planting development can not compete with cereals,thus the low-yielding fields such as saline-alkali soil and sandy land would be the main soil types of alfalfa and other grasses planting in western Jilin Province.In this study,20 alfalfa varieties which including landrace and cultivars be released in China and abroad were used as materials,the average hay yield,plant height,fresh to dry ratio,overwintering rate and damage rate,stem and leaf ratio,crude protein content,neutral wash fiber content and acid wash fiber content were analysised for the plants growthed in these two major soil types in the western Jilin Province during two years,therefore the varieties of alfalfa suitable for sandy land and saline soil were selected respectively.The results provided the theoretical basis for the development of alfalfa industry in western Jilin Province.The results were as follows:There are significant differences for the phenology for the alfalfa cultivars in difference growth conditions,in specific,the turning green of alfalfa growth in saline alkaline condition was latter than that in sandy condition,but the former growing in reproductive stages more ealier;meanwhile,the tuning green of most foreign alfalfa were later than the domestic cultivars,it was upto 10 days difference,however,the reproductive stages were earlier for these foreign alfalfa.The hay yield among different alfalfa varieties was varied significantly under different soil conditions.The hay yield of sandy land was significantly higher than that of saline soil,and the performance of growth in the second year was better than that of first year.In the western of Jilin Province,alfalfa can be mowed for 2 times for first crop year,and it can be mowed 3 times for the second crop year.On sandy land,the hay yield of Dongmu 3(4872.69 kg/ha),Kangsai(4603.13 kg/ha),Knight T,WL319 HQ,Xinmu 1 and other varieties was higher in the first planting year,and most of foreign varieties was better than domestic varieties.In the second growing year,Dongmu 1(12992.42 kg/ha),Dongmu 3(12110.17 kg/ha),Zhaodong alfalfa(11602.07 kg/ha),Long Mu 806 and Long Mu 801 exhibited higher yield,indicated that the domestic varieties had better adaptation than the foreign varieties.The same as priviouse year,Kangsai(9053.94 kg/ha)was exhibited the highest hay yield among all the foreign varieties.Based on the results of two years,the yield of Dongmu 1,Dongmu 3,Zhaodong,Longmu 806 and Longmu 801 were the good cultivars in the local sandy land.In the saline soil condition,Dongmu 1,Kangsai performanced better in the first plating year,the annual hay yield was 3353.14 kg / ha and 3075.00 kg / ha respectively.In the second year,Long Mu 801(6647.24 kg / ha),Qishi(6329.57 kg / ha)and Kangsai(6129.24 kg / ha)were yield higher.Comprehensive analysis for two year results,Long Mu 801,Kangsai,Dongmu 1 and Knight T performend advantage for the yield.In this study,the overwintering perfomence of alfalfa was evaluated by the overwinter rate and average score of the degree of victimization(AS).There were significant differences in overwintering performance of different alfalfa varieties under different soil conditions.In general,the overwintering performance of alfalfa in the sandy land was better than that in the saline soil.The domestic variety was better than the foreign variety,and the second year was better than the first year.The varieties from Inner Mongolia and Northeast China were the best,followed by the varieties from Xinjiang Privince.Kangsai had the highest overwintering ability in foreign varieties,and SLT and other varieties in the north was poor for overwintering performence.In the saline alkaline condition,the overwinter rate of most varieties was lower than in the sandy soil,by contrary,Shockwave and SLT were higher than in the sandy condtition,most of the domestic varieties and foreign varieties,such as Kangsai,WL168 HQ,had better overwinter performance,but Optimus performed worst in all the cultivars.The nutritional value of was significant different between soil conditions among all the genotypes.In the sandy soil condition,the cultivar with highest crude protein was Shockwave(19.5%);the lowest content of neutral detergent fiber was WL168HQ(44.55%),and the lowest content of acid detergent fiber was Knight T(30.67%);Meanwhile,in the saline alkaline condition,the highest content of crude protein was WL168HQ(19.47%),the lowest content of neutral detergent fiber was WL319HQ(43.38%),and the lowest content of acid detergent fiber was Kangsai(31.95%).Combined with the quality value of two years,the alfalfa quality of first year was better than the second year,the nutritional value in sandy land was better than saline sand.In the sandy land,the good quality varieties including Shockwave,Knight T,Kangsai,WL319 HQ,etc.;In saline condition,ground quality varities inludcing North SLT,Optimus,WL168 HQ,Knight T,etc.From the interannual changes,in the sandy land,the yield,plant height,overwintering rate,stalk to leaf ratio and acid detergent fiber content of alfalfa in the sandy land were higher in the second cropping year,the fresh to dry weight ratio,the average score of the degree of damage,the content of neutral washing fiber and crude protein was lower in the second year In the saline alkaline condition,the hay yield,plant height,overwintering rate,stem to leaf ratio,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were higher in the second year than those of in the first year,while fresh to dry ratio,the average score of the degree of damage and crude protein content were lower in the second year than in the first year.Through the comparasion between sandy and saline alkaline conditions,the hay yield,plant height,overwintering rate,stalk to leaf weight ratio,neutral detergent fiber and crude protein content of alfalfa in the sandy condition were higher than that of in saline alkaline condition,while the average score for damange and the neutral detergent fiber showd that the sandy condition was lower than in the saline alkaline condition.Analysis of agronomic traits and quality indexes of different cultivars under different soil conditions by gray correlation degree method,the results showed that the varieties of Longmu 801,Zhaodong,Dongmu 3,Longmu 806 and Dongmu 1 growth with a good comprehensive performance,and ranked in the top in the sandy soil condtion;meanwhile,the results also indicated Kangsai,Longmu 801,Dongmu 1,Zhaodong and WL168 HQ and other varieties performed good adaptation in the saline alkaline conditions,therefore,the varieties mentioned above could be promoted and applicated in the region of western Jilin Province. |
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