| Wolbachia is a kind of endosymbiont that exist in the cytoplasm of arthropods.Wolbachia,it can regulate the host reproduction and be used in the field of biological control and genetic in the long period of evolution.For these reasons,it is widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad.Wolbachia participates in a variety of activities regulating its host reproduction.Wolbachia close association with sex determination and speciation which are important biological problems.Trichogramma spp.Parasitic wasps are one of the most studied and most widely used egg parasitoids in the world.Wolbachia is widely distributed in the genus of Trichogramma spp.parasitic wasp,it can induce thelytoky reproduction of Trichogramma and improve the effectiveness of biological control.As a result of Wolbachia is a kind of tool for biological control,it has great application value.The subjects of this study were Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura,Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Trichogramma embryophagum Hiarig which infected Wolbachia.The research contents are as follows:Effects of different constant temperature on the mode of reproduction and the titer of Wolbachia of female in Trichogramma dendrolimi.Effects of maternal temperature on reproductive modes in different generations and the titer of Wolbachia of female in three species of Trichogramma.Compared with the external morphology of intersexes in three species of Trichogramma which infected Wolbachia.Influence of oviposition days on intersexs phenotype in.three species of Trichogramma which infected Wolbachia,In order to further reveal the mechanism of Wolbachia on the reproductive regulation of insect host.The results are as follows:1.Study on the five generations relationship between mode of reproduction and titer of Wolbachia of female in Trichogramma dendrolimi which infected Wolbachia under constant temperature conditions of 19??22??25??28?and31?.The results are as follows:Between different temperature in the same generation,number of parasitic eggs,development time,longevity,the titer of Wolbachia decreased gradually with the increase of temperature.Percentage of males and intersex increased with the increasing temperature in Trichogramma dendrolimi parasitic;Between different generation in the same temperature,emergence rate gradually with the increase of generation number(except 25?).The change trend of the titer of Wolbachia was irregular.With the increase of temperature can inhibit the proliferation of Wolbachia of female in Trichogramma dendrolimi,which resulted in the decrease of titer of Wolbachia of female and change the mode of reproduction in Trichogramma dendrolimi which infected Wolbachia.2.Study on the effects of maternal temperature(27 ??29 ??31? ?33 ?)on reproductive modes in different generations in three species of Trichogramma.Effect of maternal temperature on titer of Wolbachia of female in Trichogramma dendrolimi.The results are as follows:Percentage of males and intersexes decreased increased with the increasing maternal temperature in three species of Trichogramma.Percentage of females decreased gradually with the increase of maternal temperature.A significant correlation between titer of maternal Wolbachia and percentage of males and females of offspring.But there was no significant correlation between titer of maternal Wolbachia and intersexes of offspring.Temperature regulates the sex ratio of offspring by influencing the titer of maternal Wolbachia in Trichogramma.The production of intersexes is close association with Wolbachia in Trichogramma.3.The type and frequency of intersexes between different maternal temperature and generations in three species of Trichogramma which infected Wolbachia.The comparison of external morphological differences of different types of intersexes were compared in Trichogramma dendrolimi.The results are as follows:12 types of intersexes were found.Although there are few types of intersexes,the degree of male is very strong in F1 generation,the result of F2 generation is opposite.4.After temperature treatment of maternal of Trichogramma which infected Wolbachia,it has been reviewed that the relationship between oviposition days and phenotype of intersexes in F1 generation.The results showed that with the increase of the oviposition days,the frequency of intersexes were decreased gradually,and the degree of male was stronger. |
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