| Wheat and maize are the two crops with the largest acreage in northern China,and their production level directly affects China’s food security.China’s average yield of wheat and maize in 2015 is 5.39 t/hm2 and 5.89 t/hm2,respectively,regardless of the highest domestic production or the highest yield ratio with foreign countries are very different,there is a great increase in production potential.In addition to breeding and optimization of cultivation measures,to seek new ways to increase production is the urgent problem to be solved.The results showed that beneficial bacteria and fungi could promote the growth of wheat maize and increase the yield,but the lack of actinomycete to promote the growth of wheat and maize.In this paper,the effects of two actinomycetes on the growth and yield of wheat maize were studied.The main findings are as follows:1.Two strains of Streptomyces can promote the growth of wheat seedlings and improvetheir induced resistance.①The amount of suitable bacteria and the seed soaking treatment had significant effects on wheat seed germination and seedling growth.Compared with the control,with coating 10 and 20 mg/grain,the germination rate of wheat was increased 41.9%and 31.3%(P<0.05),the seed vigor of 10 and 102 times of extract was increased by 31.8%and 21.7%(P<0.05).The fresh weight,plant fresh weight and leaf area of the cultivated wheat were increased by 220.0%～300.0%,85.2%～144.0%and 129.5%174.2%,respectively(P<0.05)with Suitable amount of agent coating.②In Soil culture test,With Suitable amount of agent coating,the activities of POD and PPO in the leaves of wheat treated with appropriate powder coating were 46.7%～60.0%and 52.5%(P<0.05),but the effect on PAL and MDA was not significant.In sand culture test,with suitable dilution fermentation broth,the seed germination of wheat leaves decreased 34.0%～40.2%(P<0.05)compared with the control.2.The seed coating of two strains of Streptomyces have a significant effect on wheat spike differentiation.①When the coating amount was 2.5mg/grain,the growth cone of the stem of Xiaoyan.22 was significantly increased.It significantly increased the number of spikelets,the number of primordia and the number of spikelet primordia and it has a significant effect on the number of spikelets,the number of flower primordia and the increase of the number of male and female flowers of Gaoda.1.②The coating treatment can promote the peak of the small weir Xiaoyan.22 in advance,and increase the total flowering number in the statistical time period,which has no significant effect on the flowering process of Gaoda.1,but promoted the cumulative flowering quantity.③With coating,the ratio of 4 grains and 5 spikelets was significantly improved and lgrains and 2 spikelets was significantly reduced,increased the proportion of large spike and medium spike and the number of grains per spike and reduceing the proportion of small spikes,Xiaoyan.22 and Gaoda.1 have shown the same trend.3.Two strains of Streptomyces were significantly affected by the seed coating on the biological characteristics,physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield of wheat.①Bacterial coating can promote wheat root growth,with coating 2.5mg/grain and 5.0mg/grain,secondary root fresh weight were increased by 50%,the number of secondary root lines increased by 62.6%and 42.9%,respectively,and the total fresh weight of roots increased by 75%.②Pesticide coating improves wheat induced resistance and stress resistance.coating with 2.5mg/grain,the POD activity of leaves was 21.2%higher than that of the control(P<0.05)at tillering-phase;The activity of PPO was increased by 29.4%,the content of MDA was reduced 36.7%and the root activity increased by 24.3%at early filling-phase;with coating 2.5mg/grain and 5.0 mg/grain,the activities of nitrate reductase were increased by 37.4%and 65.9%,respectively(P<0.05).③Actinomycete coating can improve the net photosynthetic rate of wheat.The net greening rate,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and leaf leaf water use efficiency of the treatments were increased at the initial stage of wheat grain filling,with 2.5 mg/grain and 5.0 mg/grain;The net photosynthetic rate of wheat was 24.0%higher than that of the control(P<0.05)with coating 5.0 mg/grain.④The effect of streptomyces coating on the structure of spikelets and yield of wheat was significant.With coating 2.5 mg/grain,the proportion of large panicle ear was increased by 30.3%and the proportion of small panicle ear decreased by 22.6%(P<0.05)compared with the control,The number of 4 grain spikelets of large panicle ear was increased by 48.6%(P<0.05).With 2.5mg/grain,the yield was 4.9%higher than that of the control(P<0.05).4.The effect of Streptomyces on the growth of maize and the yield on summer maize were obvious.①With 10 to 103 times dilution of Streptomyces livida D74 fermentation broth soaking,the root length of maize increased by 19.0%～41.3%(P<0.05)and the fresh weight of root increased by 60.0%～86.7%(P<0.05);Dilute 102 to 103 times the Streptomyces spina Actl2 fermentation broth soaking,the length of radicle and hypocotyl were increased by 28.3%～40.0%and 50.0%～63.2%,respectively(P<0.05).The appropriate concentration of D74 and Act12 mixed fermentation broth increased the seed vigor of maize,dilution of 103 times the maize emergence rate increased 61.6%(P<0.05),but the coating treatment had a significant inhibitory effect on emergence.The activities of POD,PPO and PAL were increased by 27.0%,16.8%and 21.4%(P<0.05)in the pot experiment,with coating 50mg/grain.②In the community test,when the amount of the coating agent was 180 mg/grain,respectively,the seedling rate and density of maize were increased by 14.9%and 15.8%;root activity,POD and PAL activity and net photosynthetic rate were increased,MDA content decreased,the dry weight of grain increased by 7.7%at filling metaphage and the yield increased by 10.1%at harvest period.The effect of 180mg/grain and microelement treatment on maize seedling rate,seed density and grain weight at grain filling stage had the same effect.and the yield increased by 6.7%.5.Effect of Streptomyces on the growth and yield of spring maize in Weibei dryland.①seed coating and soaking treatment on the emergence of dry land maize have to promote the role of which the coating treatment 1 day advance,soaking and soaking + trace element treatment so that 2 days ahead of the emergence of coating and soaking seedling emergence rate(P<0.05).The increase of plant height,ear position and aboveground biomass was enhanced by the application of soaking and soaking treatment in all treatments.The uptake of aboveground biomass increased by 27.9%(P<0.05)).②With coating,the single ear weight,spike length,spike effective length,grains of per row,grain weight of single ear,increased by5.6%,4.0%,5.6%,6.2%and 5.9%respectively,and the length of bald tip was reduced by 16.8%(P<0.05).The yield per plant and the final yield increased by 17.7%and 11.5%respectively,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).③Compared with the control,with soaking,the single ear mass,spike length,spike effective length,grains of per row,grain weight of single ear,grains of per ear,yield per plant were increased,andthe yield was increased by 9.4%;with soaking+trace element,the ear diameter increased by 12.9%(P<0.05),diameter of corn reduced by 1.2%(P<0.05),the length of the corn bald tip was reduced by 18.6%and the yield increased by 6.0%(P<0.05),and the diameter of maize was higher than that of control.④In 2 acres demonstration area,compared with the control,single ear weight,spike length,spike diameter,ear core diameter,grains of per row,grain weight of single ear,number of per ear,yield per plant and final yield were significantly increased(16.2%,6.7%,8.3%,4.9%,6.1%,16.7%,13.6%,17.0%and 30.8%,respectively)(P<0.05). |
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