Clinical Investigation Of Canine Serum Magensium Abnormalities In Taichong City

Magnesium is a major intracellular ion,only second to potassium in abundance.Most part of magnesium distribute in skeleton,the rest is in muscle and soft tissue.Magnesium is an indispensable ion playing a vital role in maintaining and strengthening life.Most enzyme activities involved in protein and energy production need magnesium as a cofactor or activator.About 1% of magnesium is in extracellular.Most of magnesium in blood is ionized which is the only form has biological activity while others is bound to serum protein or compounds like phosphate,citrate.The homeostasis of magnesium depends on the absorption of intestine and the excess of kidney.Magnesium is like a forgotten element in people especially vets mind although it is crucial in body.From the previous literature we have known that the common abnormality of serum magnesium in small animal is hypomagnesemia while hypermagnesemia is rare.One of the research on dogs found that 54% critical ill dogs had hypomagnesemia,however,only 13% dogs suffered from hypermagnesemia.Among the researches doing on canine magnesium disorders,most of them is mainly about hypmagnesemia until now nevertheless hypermagnesemia correlation study is few and far between.During the intern time in the NCHU vet clinic for a semester,I got three parts of cases,for one of them was from patients coming to see the hospital,another part containing dead dogs and the last part from serum magnesium concentration was over 4 mg/100 mL.The conclusions drawn from all three parts data are as followings.(1)Most common canine magnesium abnormality in Taichung is hypermagnesemia.The cases from period of research in group 1 include 32 dogs,which have 8 hypermagenesemia dogs whose mean serum magnesium concentration is 4.9 mg/100 mL and no hypomagnesemia.There are 69 cases in group 2 death cases and 14 of them are hypermagnesemia mean serum concentration is 5.0 mg/100 mL while only 2 of them are hypomagnesemia.The probability of hypermagnesemia is almost 25% whether the discharge is death or not.There is no significant difference(P>0.05)of hypermagnesemia serum concentration between group1 and group 2.(2)In the hypermagensemia cases,disease diagnosis of urinary system and genital system in group 1 are the most common causes in contrast to disease diagnosis of urinary system and cardiovascular system being the most frequent causes in group 2 and 4.(3)According to the classification made by International Renal Interest Society,the serum magnesium concentration becomes higher along with increasing kidney stage.In all stage 4 of group 1,2,3,the mean serum magnesium concentration is beyond normal magnesium reference.(4)The most high rate of abnormalities in other serum ions accompanying hypermagnesemia is hyperphospheremia.In group 1,the mean phosphate concentration in hypermagenesimia is 7.4 mg/100 mL significant different(P<0.01)from normal magnesium whose mean phosphate concentration is 4.2 mg/100 mL.The significant differences are same in group 2 and4.The serum potassium concentration in hypermagnesemia of group 2 and 4 is significant different(P<0.01)from normal magnesium.Other electrolytes like calcium and natrium have no significant difference(P>0.05)between normal magnesium and hypermagnesemisa.