Study On Embryonic And Fruit Development,Quality Of Abscission Fruit Of Several Grape Cultivars

In this study,we research the development of berry and embryo of six early,middle and late ripening grape cultivars such as ’Daliliuyuezi’,’Zaomanao’,’Riza Matt’,’Yongyou No.1’,’Paul Garr’,’Black Olympia’.We also analyzed the volume,vertical and transverse diameter of berry,fresh weight dry weight of berry and embryo,percentage of abnormal embryos,the content of sugar and organic acids.In addition,we used 8 grape varieties such as ’Red Globe’,’Green Gem Seedless’ and ’Manicure Finger’ grape as test material,determined the pulling resistance,turgor pressure and physiological and biochemical indexes such as POD,PG activity of berry.The results are as follows:1.The changes of development of fruit and embryoThe vertical and horizontal diameters,volumes of six cultivars showed a gradual upward trend,has experienced a period of rapid fruit growth,slow growth,the second stage of rapid growth,the entire life of fruit is double-"S" curve.The changes in dry weight of embryo in 6 cultivars are not consistent.The fresh weight of early maturing cultivars ’Daliliuyuezi’ and ’Zaomanao’ compared to dry weight changed more and are not synchronized with changes in dry weight,and embryo growth of middle and late maturity cultivars in the general presented a "s" curve.2.The development characteristics of embryoAll cultivars have abnormal ovules.The rate of abnormal ovules of early maturing cultivar ’aliliuyuezi’ is higher,up to 88.6%.However,the rate of ’Zaomanao’ is less than 15.5%.The rates of abnormal ovules of middle maturing cultivars are 50.9%and the late maturing cultivars almost have no abnormal ovules,and the rate of abnormal ovules are lowest,at only 12.5%.The development patterns of embryo can be divided into two kinds:one is incomplete abortion,with fruit development,the embryo grew,the color gradually deepened;the other is complete abortion,embryos shrinking,hollow and dry,become brown.3.Physiological and biochemical changes in the abscission berryThe rate of fruit-dropping increased with the prolonging of storage time,and turgor pressure and pulling tolerance decreased gradually.The fruit-dropping rate of the ’Red Globe’ grape is only 2%after 24 days,the fruit of ’Green Gem Seedless’ is easily drop then others,is 26%after 24 days.The fruit-dropping rates of other cultivars fall in between.The activities of PG and POD significantly impact the fruit-dropping rate.