| Freshwater clam as a traditional medicinal materials to protect liver in China, it has been proved that the freshwater clam extract (FCE) and fired shell powder (FSP) have lipid-lowering effect, treatment of alcoholic fatty liver, improving oxidation resistance and other biological activity on animals. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentration of FCE and FSP on the growth, lipid metabolism and resistance of oxidation of Furong crucian carp. The the results are as follow.1.A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentration of FCE on the growth, lipid metabolism and resistance of oxidation of Furong crucian carp.The based diets of 4 groups was supplemented with 0 (Control)、3.2 g/kg (L-FCE)、6.4 g/kg (M-FCE)、12.8 g/kg (H-FCE), respectively. After 70 days’feeding, the results showed that:FCE didn’t effect the rate of weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed coefficient ratio (FCR) and survival ratio (SR) of Furong crucian carp (p>0.05); The supplement of FCE could decrease the coefficient of fatness (CF) (p<0.05), hepatosomatic index (HSI) (p<0.05) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) (p>0.05). FCE significantly decreased the total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL); Comparing with control, the groups with the supplement of FCE had a decreased of 9.2%-12.8% in the high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL) (p>0.05); FCE made no significantly effect on the activity of serum glutamic oxalocetie transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) (p>0.05). FCE increased the activity of serum superoxide dismutases (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in different extent (p>0.05). FCE could significantly enhance the content of TC and TG in the liver of Furong crucian carp (p<0.05); After adding the FCE, the activity of hepatic lipase (HL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), lipase (LPS), fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) all exhibited significant enhance (p<0.05); With the increase of the added amount of FCE, the activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) decreased at first and then exhibited an upward trend. Between the 4 groups, the activity of MDH in group H-FCE was remarkably higher than another 3 groups (p<0.05).2.The based diets of 4 groups was supplemented with 0、1.0%、2.0%、3.0% FSP, respectively. After 70 days’ feeding, the results showed that:FSP made no difference on WGR, SGR, FC, SR of Furong crucian carp (p>0.05); With the supplement of FSP, the CF, HSI and VSI of Furong crucian carp had reduced, and the HSI decreased remarkably (p<0.05). FSP could reduce the content of TC, and the content of TG was significant lower than control when FSP was added to 2.0% (p<0.05). FSP made no notable effect on TC, HDL, LDL (p>0.05). Furthermore, FSP could enhance the activity of GOT, GPT, T-AOC and SOD, and the T-AOC in group 3% was visibly higher than control (p<0.05). With the supplement of FSP, the concentration of TG and TC in each group were notably higher than control (p<0.05). With the increase of the added amount of FSP, the activity of LPS, FAS and G6PD exhibited uptrend. The activity of lipase in group 2%FSP and group 3% FSP was remarkably higher than control and group 1%FSP (p<0.05). what’s more, the activity of FAS and G6PD in groups with FSP was notably higher than control (p<0.05).3.The effect of FCE and FSP on the protection of hepatopancreas and resistance of oxidation of Furong crucian carp under Cd stress treatment. After feeding test, getting 10 fish randomly from each cage and then exposed to 2.5mg/L Cd solution for 24 h respectively.The results showed that:The activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in group Control+Cd was the lowest, and was significantly lower than group H-FCE+Cd and 3%FSP+Cd (p<0.05), but in other groups had no difference (p>0.05). According the results, the activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) in group Control+Cd was no significant diference with other groups (p>0.05). The content of MDA in group Control+Cd was notably higher than other groups(p<0.05). The content of nitric oxide (NO) in group Control+Cd was the lowest, and was significantly lower than group H-FCE+Cd,1%FSP+Cd and group 2%FSP+Cd (p<0.05). The activity of GOT in group Control+Cd was lower or higher than other group(p>0.05).The activity of GPT in group Control+Cd was remarkably lower than Control (p<0.05) and group H-FCE+Cd (p<0.05), but the difference with other groups was not notably(p>0.05).The GOT and GPT activity in group Control+Cd were remarkably higher than Control (p>0.05), but the difference with other groups was not notably (p>0.05). The activity of CAT in group Control+Cd was lower than Control, group M-FCE+Cd, H-FCE+Cd and 1%FSP+Cd, but had notably difference with group M-FCE+Cd (p<0.05). The activity of SOD in group Control+Cd was the lowest, but difference between each group was not remarkably (p>0.05). The T-AOC in group Control+Cd was significantly higher than other groups (p<0.05).In conclusion, either FCE or FSP could lowing blood lipid, increasing the antioxidant capacity and reduce the effect on hepatopancreas of Furong crucian carp under Cd stress. |
