HMW-GS And Cytogenetic Characterization Of The New Triticales From Trigeneric Hybrids Involving Triticum, Psathyrostachys And Secale

In recent years, with the increasing of world population and the change of the consumption rate, the demands of the wheat for people are often exceed total world wheat production. Since the last century, people were constantly applying fertilizers, pesticides to increase the yield, then also caused the land pollution, loss of soil, water eutrophication, soil harden and other negative effects. In the new century, the agricultural production pursuit of green, health, and security, and makes the fertilizer and pesticide no longer abuse. As well as the wheat resistance to stress losed and rapid changes in the environment, the drought, floods, cold wave, and other extreme weather frequently occurred. This impact is becomming the biggest challenge for wheat’s high stable yield and good quality. Thus the crop genetic improvement and new varieties breeding are the effective ways to solve these problems. The related species of wheat in Triticeae include many wild species, which can provide potential genetic resources. Psathyrostachys huashanica and Rye (Secale cereal L.) paly an important role in the tertiary gene pools of common wheat, which show strong resistance to various abiotic and biotic stress. Therefore, they can be used as excellent gene resources to widen the genetic basis of wheat, enrich genetic diversity, and achieve the purpose of improvement of wheat.In this study, we used wheat-P. huashanica (PHW-SA, 2n= 8x= 56, AABBDDNsNs) and hexaploid triticale (Zhongsi 828, 2n= 6x= 42, AABBRR) as the donors of P. huashanica and rye chromosomes to obtain the F1 wheat-P. huashanica-rye hybrids. The 277 derivatives with variation types were obtained at F6 generations. The objectives of this study were to characterize the chromosome constitution of the derivatives of wheat-P. huashanica-rye trigeneric hybrids expressing high stripe rust resistance and diverse HMW-GS compositions by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and biochemical marker. The results as follows:1. SDS-PAGE analysis among the derivatives of F6 trigeneric hybrids showed that six completely different HMW-GS variations were observed in these triticales. Most of the lines of HMW-GS are different from the parents.152 triticale lines retained the specific HMW-GS bands of Zhongsi 828, but they had different LMW-GS compositions.109 lines retained the specific HMW-GS bands of wheat-P. huashanica amphiploid, but the bands of rye were losed.10 lines combined the specific bands of the two parents. Only 16 lines had the 2+12 subunits which control by Glu-ID.2. Six lines with different HMW-GS types were used to characterize the chromosome constitution with FISH technique. The results showed that K14-493-1, K14-545-2, and K14-547-1 displayed similar chromosome constitutions (28A/B and 14R chromosomes) as the primary hexaploid triticale between T. turgidum and rye. More interestingly, K14-488-1 had 14-R genome (1R-7R),12 B-genome (1B-3B,5B-7B), and 16 A-genome chromosomes. The composite genome of the line K14-489-2 consisted of complete A and B genomes and chromosomes 1D,2R,3R,4R,5R,6R, and 7R, that of line Kl 4-491-2 was 12 A-genome (1A-6A),14 B-genome (1B-7B),12 R-genome (1R-3R,5R-7R), and chromosomes 1D and 3D.3. Assessment of resistance to stripe rust showed that K14-491-2 was susceptible, K14-488-1, K14-489-2, K14-493-1, K14-545-2, and K14-547-1 were highly resistance to stripe rust.