Studies On Biological Characteristics Of Moringa Oliefera Lam

Moringa is suborder Moringaceae Moringa, belonging to the genus Moringa,single family and single genus, widely cultivated in India, africa. Is carried out in this paper Moringa biological characteristics, plant diseases and insect pests observation research, at the same time of 4 batches of different sources of seeds observed seedling growth rhythm; and on more than 1000 families, to carry out the survey data of biomass, seed weight, and the data were collated, research and analysis. Conclusions are as follows:1.the introduction of biological characteristicsThe age is 20 years, tree height up to 12-15 m, trunk diameter of 20~40cm. The tree trunk is straight, the cork material, brittle, most drooping branches. Light green leaves, usually 3 times pinnate, pinnae 4 to 10 pairs, length of 25~75cm; leaflets opposite, 3~9, foliage color than abaxial surface deep, veins not obvious. Panicle length 10~25 cm, white or pink, fragrant flowers. Pollen spread in insect.The fruit is a triangular cylindrical, early pale green to purple brown, soft, ripe,mature POD 3 cracking. The seed round, dark brown, there are 3 kinds of paper on the wing, pulling off the shell can see the milky white kernel. No ripe seed dormancy,but with mining sowing.Moringa and wide adaptability, drought resistant barren force strong, at an altitude of 300 ~1600m, more than the annual average temperature of 18 degrees,annual rainfall of 500 to 3 000 mm, soil p H 4.5~9 can normal growth and flowering and fruiting. Moringa oleifera on soil requirements are not strict, but avoid seeper;under the shade can tolerate temperatures 48 degrees Celsius, also can tolerate slight frost.2.diseases and insect pests and controlAt present, Moringa under the condition of field cultivation have been observeddisease are mainly; leaf disease, tender shoot wilt disease, ulcer disease of branches,pod brown rot(fruit rot); major pest; litura, Plutella xylostella, red spider and aphid.3.the effect of different reagent treatment on the germination rateThe conclusion can be obtained:(1)compared with the control group treated by the clear water, different reagent, on Germination of Moringa are significantly improvement.(2)several reagents can play a bactericidal effect, that is to say, the Moringa oleifera growth will be affected by the pathogenic microorganisms.(3)Moringa teething peak appeared on the third day after soaking,and then decreasing trend; sowing in nutrition Cup, seed sprouts peak generally appear in, after seeding the eight to eleven days;(4)by measuring, data analysis and comparison to: the three reagents of Moringa with potassium permanganate, calcium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, shoot length and the degree of thick was significantly higher than that of control(water) group, bacteria Ling group. It is indicated that the potassium ion, manganese ion, calcium ion and phosphorus ion on Moringa oleifera root buds obvious role in promoting, these nutrients are necessary for the growth of Moringa oleifera.4.cutting survival rateMoringa cutting, overall survival rate is not high, may also have a relationship with the experimental conditions. At the same time, it can be concluded that the soil matrix of Moringa oleifera cuttings survival rate is relatively large, which in sandy soil, the survive rate increased significantly; diameter of cuttings, on the survival rate is significantly affected, the coarser diameter, survival rate is relatively higher should contain and cutting internal nutrient reserves are. Hormone treatment and wax cap may have little effect on shoot germination and root growth. Experiments did not set the influence of seasonal factors, here in Guangzhou, may in spring and winter,suitable temperature, less evaporation, on the Cutting Rooting, bud will also be influenced.5.growth rhythm characteristicsMoringa seedling growth in line with the "s" type growth law, but different sources of Moringa oleifera seeds in seedling height, ground diameter and crown ofphenology and growth parameters,obvious differences exist, all source early growth less than later growth capacity. The percentage of total growth in fast-growing period was more than 70%. Fast growing period of the largest source of growth of about 1.5times the minimum source of growth. The crown of the fast-growing period at the end of the first, followed by the height of seedling, the latest is the diameter.6.The phenotypic characters of pod traits were analyzed.The family, there are obvious differences between the pod and seed phenotypic traits. From the coefficient of variation, pod weight and pod weight were the biggest,the coefficient of variation was the largest, followed by pod length, pod number, and the circumference of pod, which was the minimum value of variation coefficient. The results show that the various characters of Moringa seeds has obvious differences between the families.