Ectomycorrhizae Fungi Diversity In Main Community Of Pinus Massoniana In Guizhou

Pinus massoniana is the most widely distributed, the higest degree of comprehensive utilization conifer species in our country, one of the major industrial timber forest in south,own important economic and ecological value.The symbiostic system of plant root and soil fungi is named ectomycorrhizal,with function of promote plant growth,improve soil structure,enhance plant resistance,and so on.Furgi resources are very rich in the forest of Pinus massoniana Lamb,but the work of fungi resources survey is not much,especially in Guizhou province.In this study,thking four typical masson pine communities as the study object,research soil,plant,fungi in soil and morphological characteristics of ectomycorrhizae of four communities,then chose natural secondary forest and masson pine plantation as object,surveyed the outbreak reguarity of ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp.Through the research of ectomycorrhizal morphological characteristic,ectomycorrhizae fungus sporocarp and genetic materical to reveal ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity of Pinus massoniana,result can provide scientific basis and guidance for the screen of fine fungi to solve soil fertility problem,cause by continue planting masson pine,and adjust the composition and biodiversity of plantation.At the same time,provide theoretical reference for the development of under-forest economy and the evaluation of forest stability.Main results as follow:(1)The plant species richness varied significantly among different communities,the higest number of species were in masson pine and chinese fir mixed forest and natural secondary,and build mixed forest is more beneficial to improve soil fertility and stability of masson pine community in production.The activity of polysiochemical oxdase and acid phosphatase were similiar among different communities, while the activity of soil urease, ?-glucosidase and cellulose varied significantly. The activities of soil urease, ?-glucosidase and cellulose were well correlated with soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen and total phosphorus, indicating their potential roles in representing soil nutrient status and evaluating soil health in masson pine communities.(2) In this study,taking ectomycorrhizae of Pinus massoniana from different communities asthe study object,classify ectomycorrhizal types by shape,colour of macroscopical and micro-structure feature,such as arranged pattern of mantle hyphae,structure of hyphae,and so on.The results write as follow:there are 3 types on the Pinus massoniana in masson pine plantation,6 types in natural secondary,5 types in masson pine and chinese fir mixed forest,3 types in Pinus massonianaand Quercus fabri mixed forest.The hyphae shape of fifth ectomycorrhizal type of Pinus massoniana in natural secondary had hyphae is bottle-shape,and it's the typical characteristic of Russula fungal.(3) It was surveyed that the total ectomycorrhizae fungal sporocarp is 40 species,belonging to2 subphylums, 2 classes,3orders,10 families and 21 generas.Among the sporocarps,10 families,30 species belonged to masson pine plantation, the advantage families incloud Russulaceae,Tricholomataceae,Lycoperdaceae,and so on;There are 25 species in natural secondary,Russulaceae, Boletacese, Tricholomataceae and Lycoperdaceae are advantage families.And the masson pine plantation had more ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp by contrast.The specie and count of sporocarp were affected by temperature and rainfall significantly.(4)From high-throughput sequencing of soil sample of 4 masson pine communities,1353 fungal OTUs were identfied.Compared with plantation,natural secondary and mixed forest increased gungal OTU richness.The majority of soil fungal was belonging to basidiomycota and ascomycota,and the Russula was common advantage genera in four communities,at the same time,there were other advantage fungals in four communities,such as the un-s-Russulaceae sp and un-s-Atheliaceae sp in masson pine plantation,Lactarius in natural secondary,un-s-Russulaceae sp,Scleroderma andun-s-Eurotinales sp in masson pine and chinese fir mixed forest,un-s-Russulaceae sp in Pinus massonianaand Quercus fabri mixed forest.Diversity indexs of four communities were consistent with the pattern of OTU,species richness of fungal were significantly affected by hydrolysis nitrogen and soil cellulase.Fungal community was influenced by forest community type,and the difference among fungal community structure of four masson pine communities was significant, fungal communities structure of masson pine and chinese fir mixed forest had the greatest distinction with other three communities,Pinus massonianaand Quercus fabri mixed forest was most similar to natural secondary.CCA analysis showed that total nitrogen,hydrolysis nitrogen,total phosphorus,soil urease,temperature,altitude and standageaffected soil fungal communities structure significantly.Above all,the plant diversity,soil nutrient status,ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp,ectomycorrhizal morphological, diversity and richness of soil fungus in natural secondary and mixed forest were better than plantation,build mixed forest is more beneficial to improve soil fertility and stability of masson pine community in production,then promote the healthy and stable of forest system.The understanding of soil fungus in masson pine forest can be more comprehensive by the combine of fruit body survey and biological means,and this is important to the development and utilization of fine fungus.