Molecular Identification Of Hardness Genes In Part Of The Germplasm Resources Of Wheat From Yellow And Huai Wheat Region

Grain hardness is one of the most important characteristics in wheat quality improvement.Study of wheat kernel hardness of core germplasms is helpful to improve quality in Chinese wheat breeding program.In total,244 core germplasms of bread wheat in Yellow and Huai wheat region were examined by a Single Kernel Characterization System(SKCS),STS(sequence tagged site)marker and sequencing to understand the distribution of grain hardness and their puroindoline alleles.The results indicated that hard wheat with the percentage of 56.6% was predominant in core collections of bread wheat from the Yellow and Huai wheat region.Furthermore,ten puroindoline alleles containing Pina-D1 b,Pina-D1 r,Pina-D1 s,Pinb-D1 l,Pinb-D1 b,Pinb-D1 p,Pinb-D1 ac,Pinb-D1 e,Pinb-D1 t and Pinb-D1 u were identified in hard wheat of core collections from the Yellow and Huai wheat region,and their percentages were 2.1%,5.3%,4.5%,0.8%,25.8%,15.7%,0.4%,0.4%,0.8% and 0.8%,respectively.Of ten puroindoline alleles,Pinb-D1 p was the most popular genotype and PINA-null types was also prevalent in hard wheat cultivars from the Yellow and Huai wheat region.Distribution of puroindoline alleles in cultivars from different provinces indicated that wheat cutivars from Shanxi,Henan,Yunan and Xijiang possessed relatively abundant puroindoline alleles.Distribution of puroindoline alleles in different type of cultivars indicated that Chinese landraces possessed relatively abundant puroindoline alleles,i.e.10 puroindoline alleles.Among wheat cultivars with different puroindoline alleles,SKCS hardness index of wheat cultivars with PINA-null genotype including Pina-D1 b,Pina-D1 r,Pina-D1 s and Pina-D1 u are significantly higher than those of Pinb-D1 b and Pinb-D1 p.This study showed that core collections of bread wheat from the Yellow and Huai wheat region had abundant diversities in view of grain hardness.Based on previous studies that cultivars with Pinb-D1 b allele possibly possessed relatively preferable processing quality for Chinese noodles and pan breads,whereas cultivars with PINA-null allele possibly possessed relatively superior Indian parotta-making quality.Therefore,core collections of bread wheat from the Yellow and Huai wheat region should be utilized according to the breeding objective using in Chinese wheat breeding program.