Analysis On Regional Difference Of Winter Wheat Yield And Suggestion On Balanced Production And Increased Production In Changge

In this paper,Changge City,Henan Province as the study area,using questionnaire surveys,field visits and field survey method of combining,the main limiting factors of winter wheat yield difference in Changge city were investigated and analyzed,and based on the analysis results,the paper put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to reduce the regional yield of Winter Wheat in Changge.The main research results are as follows:(1)Through the analysis of 120 farmer households survey data,the results showed that the average highest yield of winter wheat of Changge are located in Nanxi,Guqiao and other towns where the farmland irrigation and drainage condition are better than other towns.While the lower yields are distributed in the field of poor facilities,poor rainfall relatively shallow mountain,hillock and sand hills area,such as Dazhou,Pohu and other towns.Comprehensive factors affected by the ecological and production conditions and crop planting management,the difference between the maximum and the minimum in the average yield of winter wheat was larger in Changge city.The average yield per unit area was29.6% higher than the lowest value in 2013,while the highest average yield in 2015 was6.9% compared with the value of the minimum value of the yield.(2)The investigation to the different fields of famers was showed that there were significant differences in yield.In the survey of 120 farmers,the difference(G2)between the highest yield(9837.5 kg.hm-2)and the lowest yield(6550.8 kg.hm-2)was 3286.7 kg.hm-2 in2015,the gap(G1)between the highest yield and average yield(8055.3 kg.hm-2)was 1782.2kg.hm-2.The yield gap between the generally yield and the highest yield field is 1600.7kg.hm-2.And the proportion of high-yield fields was small,only 17.5%.While the proportion between the middle and low yield farmland was larger,which accounting for58.3% of the total effective survey samples.The yield difference was obvious and the proportion was larger to which the medium and low yield in different region field of Changge City,and there was a lot of room for improvement in the middle and low yield fields through the improvement of production conditions and plant management level.(3)According to the summary analysis of the questionnaire,the causes of poor wheat yield were due to the uncontrollable natural factors such as climate,soil,which weighted proportion was accounted for 35% of the total limiting factors.The unreasonable use of fertilizer,irrigation is not timely and the variety of the chaos and others are controllable factors,which is the main control factors of wheat yield difference,the weighted proportion accounted for 33% of the total limiting factors.The results of regression analysis to the yield difference limiting factor were showed that the role of the 6 limiting factors in the size of the output sequence was the quality of the soil>the fertilizer>the irrigation>the mechanical tillage>the variety>the insect pest control factors.Further analysis showed that the soil nutrient content had a significant effect on the wheat yield.Among them,the correlation analysis showed that wheat yield was positively correlated with total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,slowly available potassium and organic matter content.(4)There was huge difference in wheat production factor input due to the differences in climate,soil and planting habits in different villages.From the point of the city's average productive inputs,fertilizer inputs is the largest,accounted to 36.9% of total cost,Followed by mechanical cost,accounted to 29.5%,Seeds and pesticides into account for 15.2% and15.2% respectively.Seeds and pesticides costs between different villages are biggish,the degree of variation were 42.8% and 45.8% respectively.Each input factor comparative analysis indicated that a significant difference in wheat seed costs between different villages,the highest Shangqiao town is 4.4 times higher than the lowest town Guanting town.(5)Among different years,there is correlation between various production factors and the average wheat yield.The productive inputs such as seeds,machinery,irrigation and pesticides have a different degree of positive correlation and yield.But the correlation of fertilizer input and output shows a difference between different years,a negative correlation is presented both in 2013 and 2015,and reached significant difference in 2013.a positive correlation is presented in rest years,but not significant.This shows that under the same conditions such as,the seed,machinery,irrigation and pest control,the production management,how much fertilizer input plays an important role in wheat production area difference.Therefore,Machinery operation quality,variety adaptability degree,the stand or fall of field moisture management,and prevention and cure of diseases and pests can effectively reduce the formation of wheat production area difference,realize balanced production.Based on the statistical analysis results of the above limitations of wheat yield difference,the countermeasures and measures of shortening the regional production of wheat in Changge were put forward.(1)is to strengthen the field of infrastructure construction,strengthen disaster mitigation;(2)is to adjust measures to local conditions,the use of improved varieties,the use of good;(3)is to promote advanced cultivation techniques,improve the level of scientific species of wheat;(4)is the construction of new agricultural management system,and actively cultivate new business entities.