| Zizyphus jujuba is one of the pillar industries in the south of Xinjiang farmers' income, But because of lack of scientific guidance for irrigation and fertilization, there was a large amount of waste of water resources, the soil nutrient imbalance, increasing fertilizer input and low utilization ratio of fertilizer, directly affect the yield, quality and economic benefit of Zizyphus jujuba. The experiments of this study were carried out in allusion to the above problems in the Aksu area of agricultural science and technology demonstration zone: In this study, adult jujube trees was taken as research object, a field experiment was carried out with different irrigation amount, fertilizer level and agronomic measures, to explore their effects on the growth of jujube tree. And put forward scientific and effective optimum irrigation mode and optimal fertilizer type and fertilization combination, agronomic measures, with a view to rational allocation and conservation water resources, and provide technical support and theoretical basis for the high quality and efficient production of Zizyphus jujuba in the extreme arid region of Xinjiang. Specific results are as follows:(1)The change trend of Z. jujuba water consumption was roughly the same in each growth period, water consumption was increasing with the increase of irrigation quota; through the analysis of characteristics of water consumption of Z. Jujuba: the water consumption in the bud, flowering and fruit enlargement period was shows an upside-down U shape distribution; from the water consumption law and wetting tests to determine the irrigation quota for irrigation effect 225m3/ hm2 was the optimal.(2)The daily variation of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance value shows it increase first and then decrease, the different irrigation amount on chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics have a certain regulation effect, the appropriate amount of irrigation can increase the yield to a certain extent. By contrast, when the irrigation quota setting: in the germination frondesce stage was set to 540 m3/hm2; in the flowering and fruit setting stage was set to 2160 m3/hm2; in the fruit enlargement period was set to 1620 m3/hm2; in the fruit mature period was set to 540 m3/hm2, for photosynthesisand yield of growth of Z. Jujuba. were observed optimum.(3)Under the same irrigation level, the response of Z. Jujuba to the fertilizer in different periods was different: during the flowering period, the fresh weight of leaves increased with the increase of fertilization, while the chlorophyll content decreased; during fruit enlargement period, the leaf water potential decreased with the increase of fertilizer application rate, while the chlorophyll content increased. The effect of fertilization treatment C2(base manure standard: organic fertilizer 30000 kg/hm2 + diammonium phosphate 562.5 kg/hm2 + ammonium phosphate 937.5 kg/hm2 + potassium sulfate 112.5 kg/hm2; topdressing fertilizer standard: carbamide 1312.5 kg/hm2 + potassium sulfate 825 kg/hm2) on photosynthetic characteristics were significantly in fruit enlargement period.(4)Under the test conditions, the yield of Z. Jujuba reached 11430 kg/hm2 in accordance with the the fertilization treatment C3(base manure standard: organic fertilizer 30000 kg/hm2 + diammonium phosphate 675kg/hm2 + ammonium phosphate 1125 kg/hm2 + potassium sulfate 135 kg/hm2; topdressing fertilizer standard: carbamide 1575 kg/hm2 + potassium sulfate 990 kg/hm2), that was the efficient way to increase yield.(5)Agronomic control measures for different combinations of rooting powder(ABT), water retention(SAP), and fulvic acid(FA), these have different effects on the growth of Z. Jujuba. The chlorophyll content in leaves of ABT+SAP treatment and ABT+FA treatment was significantly higher than other treatments. Diameter and length of new shoot were maximum.under the treatment of ABT+FA. Fertilizer production and water productivity were significantly higher than other treatments under the treatment of ABT+FA. On the whole, the application of ABT+FA has the most significant effect to increase the yield of Z. Jujuba.(6)The yield of Z. Jujuba related to growth of each part of tree, by regression analysis: The relationships between the new shoot increment and fruit weight more closely, the relation formula was y=0.0339x+2.8098, the fitting degree was 0.867. The yield and fresh-branch number of regression equations was y=0.0122x-5.9987, R2 up to 0.9746. The yield and the number of shedding shoot of jujube of second branch of regression equations was y=0.0463x-23.005, R2=0.7927. |
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