Research On Biological Characteristics Of Different Populations Cassia Nomame In Middle Yanshan Mountains

The main phenophase,growth character,photosynthetic characteristics and characters related to seed yield of five populations of Cassia nomame in middle Yanshan Mountains were observed.The contents of nutritional components and secondary metabolites in different structures of Cassia nomame were also analysed.The results were as follows:1.The growth period of Cassia nomame lasted five months.Two populations in Tangshan area had the longest growth period.The Qinglong population of Qinhuangdao sprouted more slowly,but the reproductive growth stage was the earliest,which belonged to the early maturing populations.Both Zunhua and Qianxi populations in Tangshan sprouted earlier,but their flowering and fruiting were the latest,which belonged to late maturing populations.Both Xinglong and Kuancheng populations in Chengde had long fruit period.However,Qinglong population in Qinhuangdao had short fruit period.2.The most morphological characters of different populations as plant height,stem diameter,branch number had great variation.Cassia nomame had abundant genetic diversity.It was also found that plant height and branch length among different populations tended to increase with the decreasing altitude.Measuring results of other morphological traits from populations decreased with decreasing altitude.It also showed that differentiation of different populations and geographical factors had a certain relationship.3.Diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of Cassia nomame took on a double peak curve.There was obvious midday depression in diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate.The daily average of net photosynthetic rate for different populations Cassia nomame from high to low showed Qinglong>Kuancheng >Zunhua>Xinglong>Qianxi.Diurnal variation of transpiration rate,stomatal guide coincided with diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate.The diurnal variation of intercellular CO2 concentration was opposite with net photosynthetic rate.4.The actual seed yields and its components of each population were analyzed.It was found that individual actual seed yields from the Qinglong population were the highest.While the actual seed yields from the Qianxi population were the lowest.The main factors affecting the actual individual seed yields were the number of pods per plant,hundred-grain mass and the weight of pod per plant.5.The contents of nutrients from each population were measured and analyzed.Nutrient composition in different structures of Cassia nomame was rich and varied.The contents of protein and crude fat were rich in the different structure of Cassia nomame.The contents of mineral elements of Cassia nomame were the most in seed of Cassia nomame,especially the contents of Ca and Mg.6.The contents of chlorogenic acid,flavonoids,anthraquinones and tannin in leaves of Cassia nomame were greater than that in the rhizome of Cassia nomame.The total contents of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid between root,stem and leaf were relatively higher than the contents of other kinds of secondary metabolites,especially the contents of flavonoids,chlorogenic acid were the highest in the leaves.