Effects Of Fertilizer And Water Regulation And Planting Density On The Yield And Quality Of Winter Wheat

Choose early winter wheat variety "Zhongmai 8" as the test material, with a fixed proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus as the premise, set of fertilization and plant density with the field experiment was conducted to, split plot experimental design with two factors, discusses the in high fertility soil, fertilizer and planting density on winter wheat population traits, yield, nutrient absorption and utilization, grain quality and protein group of regulation. The pot experiment, using a randomized block experiment design of fertilizer combined with drought, on the yield of winter wheat varieties, fertilizer use and grain proteome points.1 field test results are as follows:1.1 Control of population characteristics of Winter Wheat by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and planting densityThe increase of nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial to increase the number of green groups to flowering stage; The number of the stems increase with the increase of planting density（except the tilling stage）. The leaf area index increased first and then decreased with the advancing of the growth stage, the highest leaf area index appeared at the jointing stage or flowering stage, and the planting density was increased in the condition of low fertility and low density, the highest leaf area index appeared after the shift phenomenon.The dry matter accumulation of different treatments showed a dynamic change of S type, and dry matter accumulation increased rapidly after jointing. The amount of dry matter accumulation and dry matter accumulation in the mature stage were all t reated with N₁₂₀P₉₆×D₁₈₀（Pure nitrogen120 kg·hm-2, P2O5 96kg·hm-2, Planting density was 1.80 million plants per hectare）, 21 326.50 kg·hm-2 and 12 255.80kg·hm-2, respectively.1.2 Regulation of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer and planting density on Yield and its components of Winter WheatThe yield and spike number decreased with the increase of the amount of fertilizer application. The yield, spike number and 1000-grain weight were the highest in N₁₂₀P₉₆ treatment, 9 405.50 kg·hm-2.673.3×104·hm-2 and 37.5 g, respectively, The number of grains per spike was the highest in N180P144 treatment. The yield and spike number were the highest in D240 treatment, The number of grains per spike and 1000 grain weight of D300 treatment were minimum. The highest yield was reached by the N₁₂₀P₉₆×D₁₈₀treatment（Grain yield was 9 804.60 kg·hm-2）.1.3 Regulation of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and planting density on the absorption and utilization of Winter Wheat FertilizerThe increase of the amount of fertilizer was helpful to the increase of the amount of nutrient accumulation in the grain; The amount of nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs increased with the increase of planting density at the jointing stage, After jointing, the amount of nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs and grain was highest in D240 treatment; In the whole growth stage, the accumulation of phosphorus in vegetative organs and grains was higher in D240 treatment.N translocation rate and nitrogen harvest index of vegetative organs increased with the increase of fertilizer application rate. Nitrogen transfer rate, transfer rate, contribution rate and nitrogen harvest index of vegetative organs were highest in D₁₈₀ treatment. The nutrient transfer rate, transfer rate and contribution rate of vegetative organs were highest in D240 treatment, Phosphorus harvest index of D300 treatment was highest.1.4 Regulation of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and planting density on Winter Wheat qualityThe bulk density, hardness and the weakening degree of the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application rate increased first and then decreased, Sedimentation value, wet gluten content, formation time,stability time and evaluation value of the powder were increased with the increase of N and P fertilizer application rate; Hardness, grain protein content and Wet gluten content were the highest in D240treatment;Outside the gluten content, the other indexes were increased with the increase of the planting density.The increase of nitrogen fertilizer is helpful to albumin, gliadin and glutelin content increased, But the amount of fertilizer was too high, and the content of globulin decreased; The albumin, globulin and gliadin in D240 treatment was the highest, The content of glutelin and glutelin/gliadin ratio is the highest in thetreatment of D300.2 The main results of pot experiment are as follows:Post anthesis drought reduced the grain number per spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, grain nutrient accumulation amount and albumin content, improve the content of globulin and glutelin/gliadin ratio; nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer, panicle number and 1000 grain weight decreased, grain nutrient accumulation amount and content of protein components increased. Moderate soil water deficit（soil relative water content is 60%） and Increase in the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, the yield and grain nitrogen distribution ratio were decreased, Grain protein content and glutelin/gliadin ratio increased; soil severe water deficit（soil relative water content is 45%）, the increase of nitrogen fertilizer,reducing the content of albumin and the glutelin/gliadin ratio, increased production, ratio of phosphorus distribution in grain and the content of globulin and gliadin.In summary, in this study, we think that in the field of high soil fertility, the application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in early maturing winter wheat were120 kg·hm-2 and 96 kg·hm-2,respectively, and the yield reached the highest, Continue to increase the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, the yield decreased while its quality has been improved. The yield and quality indexes were better in 2 400 thousands plants. In addition, both field experiments and pot experiments showed that, the increase of nitrogen fertilizer contributes to nutrient accumulation and grain protein components and improve the ratio of glutelin/gliadin. Therefore, in this study, the highest yield was N₁₂₀P₉₆×D₁₈₀and N₁₂₀P₉₆×D240, and the quality was better with the N₃₀₀P₂₄₀×D₂₄₀treatment..