Genetic Diversity Analysis Of Allium Caeruleum From Xinjiang

Allium caeruleum Pallas is one of the important Allium resources only distributed in Xinjiang and important germplasm resources of vegetables,medicinal,ornamental and forage. As an important rock garden,convex glass,flower bed material abroad for a long time. It picked only as a wild vegetable that distribted in domestic for its low level of development. In this study,Allium caeruleum Pallas was used as the research materials under the heterogeneous habitats. Base on morphological characters,karyotype,ISSR molecular markers and SRAP molecular markers to study the genetic diversity,In order to provide references for variety breeding and production utilization of A.caeruleum Pallas,and provide guidance the onion genus genetics resources in Xinjiang,and provide parent materials for onion garlic vegetables to breeding of new variety and cross breeding. The main results were as follows:Base on phenotypic traits of 45 A.caeruleum Pallas germplasm resources were analyzed by the variation coefficient,genetic diversity index,correlative analysis,principal components,subordinate function and cluster analysis. The results showed that A.caeruleum Pallas distributed in mountain grasslands,arid desert and arid grasslands,81°09′49″ N- 86°38′14″ N,48°15′35″ E- 43°15′42″ E,altitude320 m- 1896 m,along the north of the Tian Shan Mountains and the south of Altai Mountains that were divided into seven ecological zones. 15 quantitative traits of the 42 morphological characters of genetic diversity index were between 0.10 and 1.68. The diversity index in bulblet number,bulbil number and bulbil size of the smallest were 0.10. Leaf length,scape size,inflorescence size,and pedicel length of diversity index were 1.68,1.67,1.64 and 1.68,respectively. Eight quality traits of genetic diversity index were between 0.10 and 1.11. The diversity index of fertility was 0.10 and the leaf colour diversity index was 0.18. The diversity index of the bulb skin color was 1.10. The principal component analysis showed that,comprehensive factor,bulbil factor,bulblet factor,root system factor,leaf factor and flower factor,six main factors of 15 characters to mutation accumulation contribution rate could reach 81.882%. The bulbil number,bulbil size,bulblet size,bulblet number and root size five traits total loading were above0.90. When the genetic distance was 2.5,the 45 materials were divided into the ornamental miniature group,ornamental large pattern group,ornamental high-yield group I,edible and ornamental group,ornamental high-yield group II. A.caeruleum Pallas has geographically widespread distribution zones. Its habitat is diverse and the adaptation is strong. There is a strong variation in morphological characters between quality traits and quantitative traits.In order to avoid quality traits lead an important role in the evaluation of germplasm resources,so base on correlative analysis of 45 materials. root and bulb,inflorescence(r=0.763,r=0.457);Fiber rootand scape(r=0.600);Leaf and inflorescence(r=0.451);Scape and bulbil(r=0.431);Inflorescence and pedicel(r=0.420),flower number(r=0.503);Pedicel and flower size,number(r=0.617,r=0.525),traits achieve extremely significant correlation(P<0.01). Inflorescence and root hair,Bulb(r=0.368,r=0.371);Leaf and bulbil(r=0.367),traits achieve significant correlation(P<0.05).The principal component analysis showed that there were comprehensive factor,bulbil factor,bulblet factor,root system factor,leaf factor and flower factor. The cumulative contribution rate was 81.882%. The subordinative function showed A. caeruleum Pallas distributed in Altai Mountain II area had the highest subordinate function value of 0.418,was an important distribution to wild A. caeruleum Pallas.When choose parents this biome should be considered.Karyotypes of 14 populations Allium caeruleum Pallas were analyzed by squash method.The results show,acid solution was preferentially adopted.Except TA and TY were triploid and tetraploid,the others were diploid. All materials had m and sm chromosome;And all materials contained L,M2, M1 and s in total 4 types of relative length index but XB only contained M2 and M1,TY only contained L,M2 and M1;Arm ratio means of 14 populations ranged from 1.53 to 1.91. Asymmetrical karyotype coefficient ranged from 58.58% to 62.70%.Karyotype types were all ‘2B’ except XB,TA and TY were‘2A’;Satellite appeared on the short arm of m and sm chromosomes in MH population. When the genetic distance was 4.5,the 14 populations materials were divided into 3 groups. The Ⅰ groups contains 4 populations,The Ⅱ groups contains two population, The Ⅲ contains 8 populations. Chromosome structure and composition were interspecific different and presented diversity characteristics.Genetic diversity of tested materials were analyzed by using ISSR molecular markers and SRAP molecular markers.And compares them.The results show:The improve seed DNA method is more suitable for DNA extraction. 18 ISSR primers were selected from 33 primers, amplified 185 loci totally;4 SRAP primers amplified 53 loci totally. They have high polymorphism. ISSR polymorphic bands among the amplified bands were 97.38%,SRAP polymorphic bands among the amplified bands were 96.36%. About the mean of Efficient allelic number,Nei’s gene diversity index and Shannon index,SRAP is higher than ISSR. ISSR Based on SM coefficient method,the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.62~0.90,16 tested materials were gathered into 3 groups by UPGMA clustering. SRAP Based on SM coefficient method,the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.52~0.82, The materials were gathered into 4 groups by UPGMA clustering.