Effects Of Root Restriction And Applying Super Absorbent And Biochar On Grape Growth And Development

In order to give insight into root restricted and hence to guide culture practice in northern China,Three-year-old Red Globe/Beta and annual Cabernet Sauvignon grape were used as material to study the effects of root restricted at one side with different materials and applying super absorbent & biochar on plant growth and fruit quality under ecological conditions in northern China, The main results were as follows:(1) Lateral root restriction promoted the root extending on the horizontal,inhibited the growth of new shoots, improved the fruit quality and the storage nutrition. According to the results of membership function analysis, root restriction with non-woven fabrics was adapted in northern China.Root restriction using 4 materials all reduced the total amount and angle of the roots, promoted root penetration, increased root number in deeper soil layer. Root restriction with plastic was the most obvious,the proportion of root biomassin 20?60cm soil layer in was 40.3% higher than CK.4 root restriction treatments reduced leaf net photosynthetic rate, the rate of plastic cloth treatment reduced by 28.9%,9.5%,31.2% and 33.4% than in control respectively. Carbon brick treatment relieved leaf senescence, photosynthetic rates in September were less than the number of lower in August, slowly available potassium applied delayed period.Root restriction inhibited the main shoot and secondary shoot growth, shortened the internode's length, increased internode's diameter.Root restriction improved fruit quality, carbon brick+K treatment had the most obvious effect, soluble solids, titratable sugar and VC content in grapes were 6.1%,70.2% and 7.5% higher than that of control respectively, titratable acid content decreased 5.3% than control.Root restriction decreased the content of mineral elements in plants, significantly improved storage mineral nutrients. The starch, soluble sugars, free amino acids and soluble protein content of non-woven root restriction treatment, was higher than control respectively 108.4%,78.9%,15.7%,77.1%.(2) The super absorbent treatment not only increased net photosynthetic capacity, but also improved fruit quality and storage mineral nutrients.The super absorbent treatment increased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency at different stages.Itratable sugar content was increased by 50.5% than the control. Titratable acid content was reduced by 12.3%.Further more, the super absorbent treatment significantly increased mineral elements content in the fruit, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, calcium and magnesium ions were increased by 3.6%,21.7%,48.2%,10.0% and 46.1% than control, respectively.Meanwhile, the super absorbent treatment significantly improved storage mineral nutrients, starch, soluble sugars, free amino acids and soluble protein content, which was increased by 24.1%,146.1%,25.9% and 30.2% than control, respectively.The super absorbent treatment significantly reduced the angle of the grape root, and induced root grow in toward to aquasorb location, promoted root growth deeper, the root biomass rate of 20?40cm soil layer was 27.8% higher than control.(3) The biochar improved soil physical properties, promoted the root growth.The soil bulk density, total porosity and soil moisture content of 25g/kg biochar amount treatment were increased by 8.6%,56.4% and 28% than control, respectively. Biochar application significantly increased soil pH, while there were no differences between different carbon content treatment; Biochar application increased the soil available N content, and 15 g/kg biochar amount treatment had the best effect, which made the soil available N content increased by 13.3% than control. The population of bacteria and the soil enzymes activity were improved by application of biochar.Plant growth amount was significantly increased with the increament of biochar application, and 25 g/kg biochar amount treatment reached the best effect, which made plant height and dry matter increased by 26% and 198% compared with control, root length, root surface area, root volume and root number were 1.64,1.53,1.28,1.54 times than that of control.