| Cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae is an important pathogenic nematode on cereal crops which is widely distributed in more than 40 countries and regions in the world. At present, it has been spread to 16 provinces in China and seriously damaged at least 4 million hectares wheat. In order to provide the theoretical basis for integrated management of H. avenae, the resistance of wheat cultivars to H. avenae was evaluated repeatedly on the basis of previous work, the characterization of interaction between wheat roots with different resistance and H. avenae was explored and the different control methods were studied in Peixian County, Jiangsu Province.During October 2012 to June 2013,18 wheat cultivars were selected on the basis of previous work for repeated evaluation of their resistance to H. avenae Peixian population by the field trial. The proportion of cultivars evaluated for resistance by the number of white females per plant and the reproduction index (Rf) were 94.4% and 77.8% respectively. Most of tested cultivars were evaluated as the resistant to H. avenae Peixian population, which including Aizaoba No.15, Huamai No.l, Huamai No.4, Yumai No.66, Liangxing No.66, Huaimai No.18, Huaimai No.29, Xumai No.99, Taishan No.22, Taishan No.24, Jimai No.22, Shixin No.733, Pumai No.9 and Xinmai No.19. The study may provide materials for reasonable layout of planting resistant cultivars at national level and benefit the integrated control of the disease.In order to understand the resistant mechanism of wheat cultivar Huamai No.1 against H. avenae, the difference of Huamai No.1 cultivar to susceptible Yumai No.34 cultivar and Aikang No.58 cultivar in root tips attracting second-stage juveniles (J2s) of H. avenae were compared using Pluronic F-127 gel as a medium. The infection and development of J2s in roots of 3 cultivars were also observed through greenhouse inoculation test. The results showed that J2s of H. avenae were able to be attracted by the root tips of 3 cultivars. The attraction ability of Huamai No.1 was stronger than that of Aikang No.58, with the significant difference in the total number of J2s attracted at 4 h and 6 h test (P<0.05). Tissue staining revealed that the J2s were capable to penetrate into root system regardless of the cultivar resistance. However, the amounts of J2s penetrated and white females produced in root system of Huamai No.l were significantly lower than those in Yumai No.34 and Aikang No.58. The study suggests the resistance of Huamai No.1 may cover the decreasing attraction and penetration by J2s and suppressing the nematode development in root system.The integrated control of cereal cyst nematode (CCN) on wheat was studied under field conditions. The experiment included chemical seed-coatings, biopesticides, biocontrol agents, biofertilizers and agricultural measure with fertilizer supplement and compacting after sowing. The results showed that the treatments of seed-coating No.l and No.2 and avermectin seed-coating (1/50) having the significant effects on inhibiting the nematode reproduction and increasing the wheat yield when compared with other treatments such as biocontrol agents, biofertilizers and agricultural measure. These three seed-coatings have the better control efficacy on CCN and the characteristics of environmental safety, lower toxicity, labor and cost saving, therefore maybe suitable for widely application in practical disease control. |
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