Experimental Study On Bio-oil Production From Hydrothermal Liquefaction By The Autoclave

As the only renewable energy which can be used to produce liquid fuel on a large scale,biomass has an important position in terms of energy and environmental issues.Enteromorpha prolifera was converted into bio-oil via hydrothermal liquefaction（HTL）process.Response surface methodology（RSM）was applied to investigate the interactions of reaction temperature and solid content on the qualities of bio-oil including yield,higher heating value（HHV）,energy recovery（ER）,carbon recovery（CR）and nitrogen recovery（NR）.Optimized HTL conditions for maximum bio-oil yield was proposed and validated.The mass and energy balance of HTL process were discussed,especially the mass and metal element balance of ash were analyzed,At reaction temperature of 300℃and solid content of 15%,the mass and energy balance of HTL process were 61.37% and 58.25%,respectively,of which bio-oil accounted for 17.47% and 33.70%.After HTL process,94.15% of total ash was distributed in aqueous phase product and solid residue.Furthermore,K,Na and Mg were mainly in aqueous phase product while Ca and Fe were mainly in solid residue.The bio-oil was characterized using TGA,GC-MS and FT-ICR MS.42.32% of bio-oil fraction was in the naphtha,kerosene and AGO range.Bio-oil was a complex mixture composed of hydrocarbons,acids,ketones,esters,phenols and alcohols.Oxygenated compounds in bio-oil were primarily comprised of O₂,O₃ and O₄ species,nitrogenous compounds were mainly N₁O₁～N₁O₅,N₂O₁～N₂O₄ species.Analogously,HTL of kitchen waste was also investigated and similar conclusion was reached.