The Investigations Of Modern Gardens' Design Language In Chongqing (1891-1949)

For the reason of globalization and the lack of regional culture,today's garden works absorb foreign culture and simultaneously get lost gradually,which makes garden works lose their regional characteristics.The influence of western culture on Chongqing gardens was from last century which is the most wonderful time for Chongqing garden because at that time,Chongqing gardens not only absorbed the advanced technology and garden concept from abroad but also did they sustain their unique regional culture.Thus,investigating and analyzing the design language of Chongqing modern garden can obtain the universal language rules of the features of Chongqing gardens,supplying the theoretical source of Chongqing gardens to be unique in landscape architecture and supplying a design idea which has Chongqing regional characteristics for later garden designers.This paper used the method of linguistics to summarize the typical factors of Chongqing gardens' design language,through analyzing the former and latter contexts,morphology and syntax.There are four parts mainly discussed in this paper.Firstly,introduce economics,politics,cultures and typical garden works of opening period(1891 to 1911),Xinhai Revolution period(1911 to 1929),developing period(1929 to 1936)and the war period of resistance against Japan(1936 to 1949)in Chongqing.Secondly,combine design language with practical situation in Chongqing to summarize the fitful design language model structure.Thirdly,quantify the characteristics of modern Chongqing garden design to refine vocabularies and syntaxes out by using the language structure that was built.Lastly,re-refine the typical vocabularies and syntaxes of different periods to become modern Chongqing gardens' design language and analyze the enlightenment of it on modern gardens.From investigations,analysis and refinements,this paper has obtained the following valuable results to study of modern gardens' design language of Chongqing between 1891 to 1949.(1)Typical words are new type of buildings which combines with Chinese and western cultures,stone structure,folder view built with greening,pergola,bridge,air raid shelter,six corners/four corners pavilion,zoo,playground,botanical garden,stone table and bench,stone tablet,stone sculpture,Y-shaped steps,natural stone landscape,flower racks,natural waterscape,dispersed water view,green slabstone,cobblestone,stone mixing pavement,trees climbing walls,folder view,ficus virens,camphor,ginkgo,camellia,wisteria.(2)Gardens mostly locate on the top of mountains while gardens of official residence and villa mostly locate in valleys.The plane layouts of scenic area are mostly the linear layouts and the dotted layouts for adapting to the terrain line,a part of which has invisible axis of landscape.The vertical layouts show dividing lines of functions to adapt to the height difference,and they are mostly reflected in public gardens.The structure of vision is reflected as vision changing along multiple direction,based on mountains,rivers and cities.The tour routes are mostly natural collar type routes and parallel routes.The features of structure are the combining of the “Garden in garden” type miniature formed traditional gardens and “Western features used by China” type western gardens.(3)It is the reasons for the influence on the disadvantages of modern gardens' design language that the humanistic feelings under the background of time,the humanistic cares under political claims,the imitation of natural landscapes of mountains and waters,the combination of western architectural features and the continuities of traditional garden designs.