Research On Collaborative Operation Decision For Electric Vehicle To Building Integration

With the development of smart grid,its economic performance and environmental sustainability can be improved by implementing the two-way communication between the electric vehicles and power grid-namely V2 G mode.Under V2 G model,the electricity can be extracted from the power grid to the electric vehicle battery when the battery needs to be charged.On the other hand,the stationary electric vehicle can transmit energy to the power grid through the connection to the grid.Power grid,therefore,can make use of electric vehicles as distributed energy storage units to coordinate the user demand for electricity,optimize the allocation of resources and enhance the capacity of peak shaving,thus to improve energy utilization efficiency and guarantee the reliability,flexibility and economy of power supply.Recently,due to the widely application of the electric vehicle and the intelligent building,Vehicle-to-Building(V2B)technology as an extension of V2 G mode has aroused widespread attention.V2 B mode can use the electric vehicle battery as an auxiliary distributed energy storage system for power grid.Like the principle of V2 G mode,the key feature of V2 B mode is the bidirectional energy delivery mechanism,to improve the energy efficiency of the whole energy system,this mechanism makes the electric vehicle can absorb energy from the building energy system and give back electricity to the building energy system as well.With communications technology,the energy delivery under V2 B mode can be controlled in a smart way to improve the stability of power grid and decrease the cost of building and electric vehicles simultaneous.Although the distributed energy system based on V2 B mode has many advantages,few studies focus on developing an optimal operation strategy to minimize the operation cost of this V2 B distributed energy system and discussing the impact of some key factors on the cost saving of the whole energy system.Therefore,this paper proposes a collaborative decision model to study a distributed energy system based on the V2 B mode aims to minimize its energy cost,including the cost of energy consumptions and the cost of carbon emissions.In the V2 B distributed energy system,the building and the electric vehicle charging station not only have their own energy demands,also have their own energy production systems and energy storage systems.A collaborative decision framework is proposed to obtain Pareto operation decisions for the V2 B distributed energy system.In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the collaborative decision model,we compared the economic performance of the collaborative strategy with the non-cooperative strategy where no energy sharing between the building and charging station under different electricity price mechanisms.It is demonstrated that the collaborative strategy can obtain more cost saving than non-cooperative strategy under both real-time pricing plan and fixed pricing plan.Furthermore,we analyzed the impact of drivers’ charging behaviors,geographical locations and building types on the cost savings of this V2 B distributed energy system under collaborative operation strategy.The results from this research can recommend best V2 B integration considering various factors which can provide valuable insight for smart community/city design.