Fire Risk Fast Assessment Method Based On Fire Safety Design And Management Of Buildings

With the rapid development of China's economy and society,the urbanization is speeding up,the urban size is expanding,the population density is increasing,and the building types become more various.The number of public buildings with complex structures,special functions and high personnel density is also increasing.In case of fire,there would be significant casualties and property losses for these high-fire-risk units.Fire risk assessment is an effective way to improve the ability of building fire protection and reduce the possibility of conflagration.In order to perfect the high-fire-risk units security system,the relevant laws and regulations insist that high-fire-risk units should carry on fire risk assessment at least once a year,to discover the fire safety factors,take effective rectification measures and eliminate fire hazards timely.At present,methods of fire risk assessment can be roughly divided into three classes.The first kind,qualitative analysis method,is very detailed,bringing about the investment of lots of money and time,but the fire risk grade is hard to be given.The second semi-quantitative analysis method is quick and simple,which can distinguish the degree of building fire hazard.However,the evaluation results are greatly affected by human factors.The third kind of quantitative analysis method is based on the probability of building fire accident,so the evaluation results are more accurate.But the data requirement of this method is higher.Due to the large number of urban high-fire-risk units,the process of the fire risk assessment for each building in the use of traditional methods is cumbersome,which leads to the long project cycle and limited assessment efficiency.At the same time,the fire risk assessment data is not enough.So it is difficult to establish a more accurate fire risk assessment model with a small amount of sample data.In view of the situation above,the thesis mainly conduct the study from three aspects.Firstly,as the building fire risk factors are considered comprehensive,a flexible and operable fire risk assessment index system is established from the perspective of the building passive and active fire prevention capability,evacuation capability,fire fighting ability and fire safety management level.Secondly,through the analysis of the data from a small number of actual risk assessment project,the thesis obtains the index values,as well as the fire risk scores by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,to get the sample data.Thirdly,the SVM fire risk assessment model would be trained with the sample data.And then,a fire risk fast assessment system is established,which can make the fire risk assessment be more efficient and accurate.Finally,the thesis applies the SVM fire risk fast assessment system to a sports architecture.The evaluation result is satisfactory,which is in good agreement with the actual situation of the building.So the feasibility of this method is proved.The fire risk fast assessment system improves the evaluation efficiency,and ensures the accuracy of the results.It has a good value in application to actual projects.