Research On The Annual Environmental-Economic Accounting For Water In Shanghai Based On The Value Of Water Quality

Water resources are closely related to our social and economic life.However,the uneven special and temporal distribution of water resources,the low quality and shortage of water are threatening the healthy lives of mankind,as well as decelerating social and economic development.The concept of the System of Environmental and Economic Accounting for Water Resources(SEEAW)was proposed against this background,according to which,all water resources related to economic activities are considered targets of study.This theory aims to support water management decision makers by evaluating and studying the interaction between water resources and economic entities.Based on the research achievement of the SEEAW study of Shanghai,in this thesis the author attempts to put forward a water accounting method centered on the "value of water quality",and by conducting an empirical study of an annual environmental economic accounting for water resource of Shanghai,hopes to make up for the lack of consideration of water quality in the past water accounting method.Based on the water accounting research of physical quantity and value quantity of Shanghai in 2007,the author calculated the physical quantity of Shanghai's water resources involved in the process of "water intake","water supply","water consumption" and "drainage" of social water cycling system in 2015,established and analyzed the framework of material flow of water,studied the results and compared them with those of 2007.The result of the study indicates that:?The total material requirement for water resources in 2015 was 10.667 billion cubic meters,the domestic material input was 10.08 billion cubic meters,the domestic processed output was 7.716 billion cubic meters,and the total domestic output was 8.429 billion cubic meters,which are all less than those of the year of 2007.?The total amount of water resources in 2015 was 10080.75 billion cubic meters,which is more than that of the year of 2007.That is because the amount of transboundary water resources and the annual precipitation increased.?The water price adjustments in 2009 and 2013 played a significant role in encouraging residents to save water.? Compared with 2007,water consumption in per thermal power unit in 2015 was reduced,improving water efficiency;same happened in agriculture,the water consumption per mu was reduced;the efficiency of industrial water was increased,less water was consumed to create every 10,000 industrial added value.? 713 million of hidden flows were created in 2015,mainly from public water supply and agriculture.The amount of hidden flows remained stable.Good "water quality" is an important feature of water resources,and is one of the decisive factors that determine the value and the use of water resources.Based on the market transaction price,the author calculated the quantity of value of Shanghai's water resources.The result shows that.? the total value quantity created in 2015 was 9.915 billion,the value quantity of the system of "water intake" was 391 million,that of the water supply system was 5.442 billion,and that of the system of "drainage"was 4.082 billion.? Due to the increase of water price,the value quantity of water resources has seen great increase,with an increase rate of 76.52%compared to 2007,in which the increase of the value quantity of water intake system contributed most,which amounted to 2.15 times that of 2007.It shows that the Shanghai Municipality was attaching greater importance to the value of the water resources.? The value quantity of water intake system only accounted for 3.94%of the total value quantity,indicating that the value quantity of water intake system can't truly reflect the value of natural water resources.The authore put forward a value quantity accounting method centered on "value of water quality",conducted an empirical study of the annual water resource evaluation of Shanghai in 2015,and prepared preliminary annual surface water quality accounts of Shanghai.According to the recovery cost method,the author chose the boundary value of the V water quality standard as the "zero point",and tried to build Shanghai's water quality value function,based on which the author estimated the stock value of surface water resources,revised the value quantities of the water intake system and the drainage system,and put forward suggestions on water resources taxes and sewage taxes:?based on the results of water quality value estimation,the stock value of surface water resources can be estimated according to the formula "stock value of surface water resources(100 million yuan)= water volume(100 million ton)*water quality value(yuan/ton)",therefore solving the problem of finding the starting point of the water resource value flow.? Making water resource tax adjustments in accordance with the value quantity of water intake system based on water quality value,is helpful to promote water resource tax institutions that are more in line with water preservation concepts.Therefore this thesis suggests to appropriately raise the water resource tax according to the calculation of the value quantity of water intake system based on water quality value,and to implement differentiated charges over the quality of water based on the concept of "higher prices for higher quality".? Levying sewage tax according to the calculation of value quantity of the drainage system based on water quality value can reduce the losses of the stock value of surface water caused by drainage.Therefore,the author suggests to taking the value quantity of the drainage system based on water quality value as reference,levy corresponding sewage tax on dischargers whose drainage water quality is negative;levy sewage tax on sewage treatment plants that can't meet the standard according to its severity;classify the sewage tax into different levy standards according to the damage that the drainage water brings to stock value of surface water.