Landscape Planning Historical Experience And Practical Application Of Water System In Mountainous Towns

With the improvement of urban and rural people's standard of living and strengthen of the traffic accessibility, tourism has become one of the ways of leisure for modern residents thus the development of tourism in villages and towns has been promoted. With good natural environment and historical culture, towns in mountainous areas has gradually become one of the tourist destinations of the leisure industry. It is urgent for mountain tourist towns to promote the mountain towns landscape according to the accurate circumstances and improve the tour supporting facilities.As the important infrastructure of the traditional settlement, the river system in towns is the key component of the mountain towns landscape. The planning design and building mode have positive significance to enhance the vitality of towns landscape and enrich the tourist experience and becomes the key measure to build the vitality of the current mountain towns tourism. However, due to neglecting the hydrological characteristics of mountain land, and following the water system landscape planning and design of plain area, in addition to “the landscape styles of a number of towns are similar”, water safety problems such as flash flood, sediment accumulation, watercourse narrowing are caused. Especially in the towns that the main body is located in plain area with complex mountains surrounding it, it is easy to suffer mountain torrents and rain flood. It is an urgent problem to build ecological, safe and stable mountain towns water system landscape with good scenery.For this problem, in this paper, typical historical water system in mountain towns is taken as the research subject to explore the structure characters of mountain towns water system planning and historical experience of constructing method for water system landscape with case extract, document analysis, field research, inductive analysis and empirical study. Based on the design case of “Bachu Yizhan” in Xinglong Town, Fengjie, the historical experience is tried to be practiced. Firstly, an analysis is carried out on the structure characters of historical water system planning of some typical mountain towns such as Dayan Ancient Town, Shuhe Ancient Town, Luodai Ancient Town and Hongcun Ancient Town to summarize the sustainable water system structure of control, regulation and drainage on a macro level and extract the structural system of the overall water system of “source-sink-stream”. The building mode and characteristics of three major elements of “source” “sink” and “stream” are further explored. Based on the “source-sink-stream” overall water system structure, the building method of historical water system landscape in mountain towns on a micro level is classified and summarized to sort three forms of plane water system, linear water system and dotted water system as well as corresponding building mode. In the end, the extracted experience is applied to the practical case-- water system landscape planning and design of ”Bachu Yizhan” in Xinglong Town, Fengjie to try to construct safe, ecological, suitable and sustainable town water system organization. The landscape construction of reservoir lake, primary and secondary water streets, large and small water courtyards and water loving square is also explored. Based on learning the historical water system landscape planning in mountain towns, some thoughts are proposed for the water system landscape planning in modern mountain tourism towns, which is for reference.This paper is divided into four parts to explore the historical experience and practical application of mountain towns water system landscape planning.The first part is introduction. Based on general problems existing in the water system landscape in mountain tourism towns, research objectives, research significance and research contents are listed. The concept of mountain towns and town water system landscape are defined. Domestic and foreign relevant research situation are talked and the essential reasons and impetus for the formation of the historical water system landscape in mountain towns as well as the shortage of realistic function and ecologic wisdom in research are pointed out. Research method is summarized and the research framework is teased in the end.The second part is the analysis and summary of the structural characters of the historical water system planning in mountain towns. Analysis and summary are carried out on the water system structure of typical cases such as Dayan Ancient Town, Shuhe Ancient Town, Hongcun Ancient Town and Luodai Ancient Town to extract the “source-sink-stream” overall water system structural system and the building mode of the three major elements are summarized. The water system landscape with different forms are expounded to link the fourth part of the paper.The third part is the analysis and summary of the specific building mode of the historical water system landscape in mountain towns. From the point of different morphological characteristics of water system landscape, the summary of water system landscape building experience is elaborated in terms of plane water system, linear water system and dotted water system.The fourth part is the practical application of experiential strategy. Taking the water system planning and water system landscape building of Bachu Yizhan in Xinglong Town, Fengjie as the example, the building mode of “source-sink-stream” overall structural system and three major elements is used to guide the water system planning of the mountain tourism town “Bachu Yizhan”. The water system landscape building experience of historical water system in typical mountain towns in different forms is applied to the waterscape design of “Bachu Yizhan”.