| Aquatic products of fish in China are rich in resources and high in nutritional value,but they are susceptible to microbial contamination,resulting in spoilage(including biogenic amines,BAs).Scomberomorus niphonius is a kind of upper middle economic marine fish,which contains abundant protein.It is the same as other red-skinned fish,such as Decapterus maruadsi and Cololabis saira,which are easy to produce BAs.Consumers who consume BAs excessive or stale fish can easily cause fish poisoning,thus limiting the development of the aquaculture industry.In this paper,we intend to establish a rapid method for simultaneous determination of various BAs,to study the relationship between BAs and storage temperature in Scomberomorus niphonius,and to explore the effect of different treatment methods on the control of BAs.Based on this,a new type of fresh-keeping agent for controlling BAs of aquatic products is developed.First,eight kinds of BAs(tryptamine,2-phenylethylamine,putrescine,cadaverine,histamine,tyramine,spermidine and spermine)could be completely separated using the reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography within 17 min.The method had a linear coefficient of R~2 was greater than 0.999 in the range of 0.10~100.00 mg/L,a detection limit of0.06~0.31 mg/L and a quantification limit of 0.20~0.75 mg/L.The standard recovery rate was96.80%~116.29%.After the mixed standard products of BAs were repeated for 10 times,the relative standard deviation(RSD)of retention time and peak area were 0.10%~0.46%and0.15%~2.95%,respectively.The results showed that the method had good repeatability.Next,the results of BAs control experiments showed that low temperature(-30°C,4°C)could effectively inhibit the formation of BAs.The total biogenic amines were significantly correlated with storage temperature and time(P<0.05).The correlation between BAs and temperature in Scomberomorus niphonius from high to low,in turn,was cadaverine,2-phenylethylamine,histamine,putrescine,tryptamine,tyramine,spermidine,and spermine.5%salt,5%potassium chloride,2%chitosan,0.2%tea polyphenols,1%citric acid or 5%potassium sorbate could inhibit the production of BAs and the inhibitory rates of total biogenic amines were71.27%,85.16%,43.47%,59.40%,72.34%,93.04%,respectively.The total biogenic amine reducing rates of fish meat soaked in white and black vinegar for 10 min was 56.26%and35.78%.The reducing rate of total biogenic amines in meat treated with 4%glucose combined with high temperature and high pressure was 89.23%.Finally,through the single-factor test and response surface analysis of different kinds of preservatives,and using the bacteriostasis index as the evaluation index,the optimal formula of the compound preservative was 0.815%asparagus oligosaccharides,0.949%garlic extract,and0.047%rosemary extract.The standard deviation of the theoretical and actual values of the antibacterial index was 2.27%.In the fresh-keeping test of Scomberomorus niphonius,the effect of compound preservative on the freshness index(BAs,volatile base nitrogen and K value)of the aquatic product was analyzed.The results showed that the shelf life of Scomberomorus niphonius could be prolonged by 50%and the inhibition rate of total biogenic amines was27.03%at the end of storage.The compound preservative was further applied to Decapterus maruadsi,Cololabis saira Brevoor,Larimichthys crocea and Oreochromis mossambicus.The results showed that the shelf lives of the products were prolonged by 50.00%,48.00%,63.16%and 45.45%,respectively,and the inhibition rates of total biogenic amines were 65.58%,68.80%,39.51%and 43.69%,respectively.The study established a method for the determination of BAs,systematically explored the control of BAs by different treatments,and developed a compound preservative for different fish,which solved the problems of fish products that are vulnerable to corruption and difficult to control BAs. |
