Design,Preparation And Applications Of Oil Sorbent Materials Derived From Natural Fibers

Natural fiber is a kind of renewable raw materials from the natural plant fiber,whose main composition includes cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin.Lignocellulose materials have many advantages including sources abundance,low cost,biodegradable,however,a large number of natural fibers have not been effective utilized.In addition,natural decay or burning of abandoned natural fibers can cause serious environment pollution and resources waste.In order to solve this situation,depending on their respective structure advantages,this paper used three different kinds of natural fibers as raw material prepared three kinds of novel oil sorption materials through three different modification methods.The detailed research contents are listed as follows:?1?Preparation and properties of ethyl cellulose-g-P?MMA-co-BA?composite high oil-absorbing resinA novel composite high oil-absorbing resin was synthesized via graft copolymerization with EC in the presence of butyl acrylate?BA?,methyl methacrylate?MMA?as monomer,benzoyl peroxide?BPO?as initiator and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide?MBA?simultaneously as cross-linker.The molecular structure and micro topography of the composite high oil-absorbing resin were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy?FT-IR?and scanning electron microscopy?SEM?.The results indicated that the optimized recipe according to the oil absorption tests was as follows: mass ratio of 1:1 for m?BA?:m?MMA?,0.3 wt% BPO,0.01 wt% MBA and 0.83 wt% EC.The adsorption performance of EC-g-P?MMA-co-BA?high oil-absorbing resin follows the pseudo second-order kinetic mode.The oil equilibrium absorption of resin could be reached within about 1.5 h,with the adsorption capacity order of four oils as: toluene>o-xylene>dichloromethane>chloroform.?2?Synthesis and properties of acetylated platanus fruit fibers oil sorption materialThe platanus fruit fibers?PFFs?with unique hollow tubular structures were successfully utilized in the preparation of an efficient oil sorbents for the first time by chemical modification with acetic anhydride.The structure and morphology of the pristine PFFs?p-PFFs?and acetylated PFFs?a-PFFs?were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy?FT-IR?and scanning electron microscopy?SEM?.The effects of acetic anhydride to PFFs ratio,catalyst concentration,reaction temperature,and time on the weight percent gain?WPG?and oil sorption capacity were particularly investigated in detail.The results showed the hydrophobic modification of p-PFFs contributed to the enhancement of the sorption capacity of a-PFFs for various oils and organic solvents.The sorption kinetic analysis indicated the oil sorption data were fitted well with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.And the oil-filled a-PFFs exhibited high oil retention ability with less than 30 % of the sorbed oil lost after 2 h dripping.Moreover,a-PFFs showed little loss of initial sorption capacities after eight sorbing/desorbing cycles with the recovery of sorbents by n-hexane extraction.The natural renewable a-PFFs are proved to be a promising candidate for large scale removal of spilled oils from water.?3?Synthesis and properties of magnetic coco peat powder oil sorption materialCoco peat powder?CPD?,the main by-product of the coconut palm,is an excellent source of environmentally friendly oil sorbent.Utilization of coco peat powder could alleviate environmental pollution caused by a large number of waste CPD.Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were immobilized on CPD with the aid of mussel-inspired polydopamine?PDA?and then chemically modified by low-surface-energy octadecylamine?ODA?to fabricate high hydrophobic magnetic coco peat powder?MCPD?.The obtained MCPD,which had high hydrophobicity?water contact angle: 135 ± 3??and saturation magnetization of 27.6 emu/g,exhibited remarkable sorption efficiency for convenient removal of oils from water and displayed excellent separating performance under an auxiliary magnetic field.The results indicated that the highest amount of oil sorption on MCPD reached 8.57 times of its own weight,and the oil could be desorbed by ethyl alcohol washing from the oil-loaded MCPD and easily recycled for at least 11 cycles.The high efficient and environmental friendly oil sorbent MCPD prepared in this chapter has high potential for application in large-scale removal of spilled oils from water.