| With the rapid development of global economy,the environmental pollution situation of marine is increasing.The long-term accumulation of pollutants results in the sharp deterioration of the marine environment quality,and lead to the decline of the level of quality and safety of seafood,and bring a threat to human health.Therefore,the quality and safety of seafood have been paid more and more attention.It has been a research hotspot how to quickly and effectively monitor and control pollutants in seafood.To evaluate the safety of seafood,we usually learn the residual level through chemical analysis,biological and instrumental analysis means,according to national or international safety and health standards of the products.At present,there are many harmful factors which is limited by the national standard,and the hazards factors are not the same in different regions and different fish,the each test not only caused the inefficient,but also increase the detection cost.Therefore,according to different varieties,different regions of the fish raw material products,to find the key indicators that affect the quality and safety of product,and to determine the key parameters of product safety,and to establish effective evaluation technology are important.In order to find out the pollutants that need to be monitored from the many pollutants,we must formulate appropriate screening principles for screening,evaluation and classification of pollutants,screen out the high level of pollutants as priority monitoring object,and generate a list which the pollution in is “priority pollutants”.At present,China has not established a set of available solutions.Through the analysis of the foreign screening method found that the different screening system based on different purpose,different standards,which lead to the large difference between screening system.The screening system mainly includes: the establishment of pollutant list database → determine the screening criteria → assign calculation → sort.In this paper,the heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in fish of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea were selected as screening objects.The main steps of the screening process are as follows: the determination of the evaluation factor,distinguishing the priority pollutants and screening the priority pollution.In this study,the comprehensive evaluation method was used to screen and evaluate the pollutants.Firstly,the data of heavy metals,persistent organic pollution,pollution status,limited standard and so on were obtained through a large number of literatures,according to the data,we identify the priority monitoring pollutant and determine of evaluation factors and their weights to comprehensive evaluation and to screen out the species of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants that need to be monitored for priority.Findings are as follows:1.The evaluation factors of heavy metals include over-standard rate,pollution index,toxicity effect and bioaccumulation factor.After comprehensive evaluation,the results showed that:(1)the screening result of heavy metals in the fish of the Bohai Sea are Cd,Hg,As,Cr,Pb;(2)the priority order is Cd> Hg> As *> Cr> Pb;(3)priority monitoring heavy metals in different fish: 5 kinds of heavy metals in Mugil cephalus and Larimichthys polyactis are not a priority pollutant monitoring range,Cd in Cynoglossus robustus、Scomberomorus niphonius and As* in Synechogobius hast are belong to priority monitoring pollution.The results of heavy metal detection in the fish of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea: the Cd in Cynoglossus robustus and the Scomberomorus niphonius is the priority monitoring target.The comprehensive evaluation result of Cr in Synechogobius hast is lower than the historical comprehensive evaluation value,but it needs to be monitored in the later,Asi is not belong to the scope of priority monitoring.2.A total of 40 samples of 5 representative fish species were collected from 8 sampling sites along the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea.The contents of five heavy metals in the samples were tested.Comparison test and screening results showed that screening method is reliable.According to the kinds of heavy metals pollutant concentration,bioconcentration factor and other parameters that were used in screening priority monitoring pollutants,a software was designed for screening priority heavy metal pollution.3.The study of persistent organic pollutants are mainly focused on the mechanism of toxicity and environmental hazards,so distinguishing the pollution based on the blacklist at home and abroad,including the Ministry of Environmental Protection Chemical Registration Center《China’s existing chemical substances in the 2013 version》,the Ministry of Agriculture announced the ban on and restrictions on the use of pesticide(2011),《Stockholm Convention(2009 revision)》.The weights of evaluation factors are: screening pollutants are disabled,whether it belongs to the Stockholm convention or China’s list of priority control of pollutants,or the xiamangpu-selected organic pollutants,or China’s coastal pollutants list.Literature search,toxic effect,bioaccumulation factor,and environmental detection were selected as comprehensive evaluation of factors and weights.The results of the comprehensive evaluation were as follows:(1)The screening results of persistent organic pollutants in fish were: PCBs,DDT,Aldrin,Dieldrin,HCB,HCH,Chlordan,Benzo(1,2,3-cd)Pyrene,Benzo(ghi)Pyrene,benzo(k)fluoranthene,Naphthalene,benzo(b)fluoranthene,endrin,aniline,TCDD,nitrobenzene;(2)priority monitoring of persistent organic pollutants in fish: HCB,heptachlor,HCH,DDT,Chlorobenzene,chlordane,dioxin,PBDEs.In this paper,pollutants in marine fish were screened,and the harm of different sea area and different fish were evaluated and graded.It has great important practical significance to improve the quality and safety of sea food in China,to ensure the safety of residents’ diets and to improve the competitiveness of aquatic products in the international market,and to provide theoretical basis and support for development of fishery. |
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