The Preparation Of Nanomaterials And Their Applications In Fuel Cells And Immunosensors

With the development of science and technology,the living standard of people has been improved,the requirements are increasingly high on the environment and energy and their likes,and payed more and more attention to their health.So,in recent years,the energy,biological and environmental securities have been attracted more and more interests of researchers.The particle size of nanomaterials are between 1~100 nm,so,compared with the conventional materials,the nanomaterials possess the high specific surface area and special structure,therefore,they have some special physical and chemical properties.Because have many advantages,the nanomaterials have been widely used in sensor,fuel cell,environmental testing and other fields.In this paper,we investigated the morphology and the components of the nanomaterials,from the into the study of nanomaterials,and the electrochemical activity is improved of nanomaterials in the of electrochemical immunosensor field and the direct methanol fuel cell field,and at the same time,because of the introduction of the nanomaterials,all the performance of the fuell cell fied and immunosensor are increased.1 The synthesis of Pd@PtM(M=Co,Ni,Cu)nanoparticles and their catalytic properties for methanol electrooxidationIn order to further study the effect of nanomaterials on the performance of catalysts in direct methanol fuel cells,so,in this work,the shape-controlled Pd@PtM(M=Co,Ni,Cu)core-shell nanoparticles was designed using a seeding method with heteronucleation process in the presence of PVP.The as-prepared Pd@PtM core-shell nanoparticles consist of a well-defined core-shell structure with a Pd core and PtM alloy shell.The core-shell structure reduced the concentration of the Pt and increased the utilization of Pt;and the introduction of first row transition metal improved the current density and stability for methanol electrooxidation.In addition,the effects of different kinds of second of metals on the stability and catalytic activity of the catalysts were also studied.It can be seen from the experimental results,in these catalysis,the properties of Pd@PtCu were the best,and campared with the commercial platinum black,the catalytic activity and stability of Pd@PtCu is much better.2 The synthesis of Pd@Pt Ru nanoparticles with different thickness and their catalytic properties for methanol electrooxidationThe influence of the content and proportion of different metals on the catalyst is also different,and this work reported the shape-controlled Pd@PtRu core-shell nanoparticles with different thickness using a seeding method with heteronucleation process in the presence of Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP).The as-prepared Pd@PtRu core-shell nanoparticles consist of a well-defined core-shell structure with a Pd core and PtRu alloy shell.The core-shell structure reduced the concentration of the Pt and increased the utilization of Pt;and the introduction of transition metal ruthenium improved the current density and stability for methanol electrooxidation,and the Ru in the catalysis will adsorb the CO intermediate of the methanol oxidation(MOR),which will lead to more active sites of Pt to methanol oxidation.And in this work,it should be noticed that the catalaytic properties were different along with the different thickness of the PtRu alloy shell,the atomic ratio of Pt and Ru affect the catalaytic properties of the nanoparticles.3.Gold-platinum hybrid nanostructures on carbon nanotubes for label-free electrochemical immunoassay of cancer biomarkersBecause of the high specific surface area and good biocompatibility,the nanomaterials can promote the electronic between substrate and electrode,and also can be used the immobilization of biological molecules such as antigen,antibody and so on,successfully.Therefore,in this particle,a new label-free electrochemical immunosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)was developed on gold-platinum(Au-Pt)-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT).The carboxylated carbon nanotubes were initially dropped on a cleaned glassy carbon electrode,then Au-Pt hybrid nanostructures were electrochemically deposited to the carbon nanotubes.Because the modification of Au-Pt bimetal nanoparticles,so,when the anti-CEA was dropped onto the electrode,the anti-CEA was immobilized onto the AuPt through the interaction between protein and Au-Pt,firmly.Introduction of AuPt and SWCNT was expected to increase the surface coverage and conductivity of the electrode,and enhance the immobilized amount of antibody.Under optimal conditions,the electrochemical immunoassay has wide linear range and also has the lower detection limit.Moreover,the proposed electrochemical immunosensor showed good selectivity,reproducibility and stability.In addition,this system was applied to the analysis of clinical serum samples,giving well matched results with those obtained from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).More importantly,this methodology can extend for the quantitative monitoring of other biomarkers by controlling the corresponding antibody,thus representing a versatile detection scheme.