The Regeneration Utilization Of Walnut (Juglans Regia L.) Kernel Pellicle By-product

In our study, phenolic compounds, which proved to be beneficial to human health, were found abundantly in walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernel pellicle by-product. In order to maximize the productivity of the phenolic compounds existing in walnut kernel pellicles,Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the extraction parameters of acidic ethanol extraction of phenolic compounds from walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernel pellicle by-product,while the total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were selected as the responses. The results showed that the optimum conditions were determined as solid/liquid ratio 1:42.11 (w/v), ethanol concentration 68.04% (v/v) and temperature 78.99℃, the predicted and actual maximum results were 20.48 mg GAE/g and 20.25 mg GAE/g for TPC,29.77 mg Vc/g and 30.76 mg Vc/g for DPPH, respectively, which suggested that the actual experimental results were well fitted to the model. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacities in vitro of walnut pellicle by-product phenolic extracts was comparable to ascorbic acid,determined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and reducing power assay. And eight phenolic compounds (i.e. chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid,p-coumaric .acid,ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid and syringic acid) were determined in walnut pellicle by-product phenolic extracts by HPLC. The largest amount was 3142.8 mg/IOOg for ellagic acid. In conclusion, the walnut kernel pellicle by-product could be a good resource of the antioxidants, considering its high amount phenolic compounds and good antioxidant activity.Selected aging model induced by D-galactose, low, middle and high groups were given EWP by 200, 400, 800 mg/kg·bw·d respectively for 8 weeks, while the control group were given equivalent double distilled water. After 7 weeks, the behavior changes were investigated by open-field test, tightrope test and balancing beam test between dosage groups and normal controls. After 8 weeks, the contents of malonialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum, brain and liver tissues were observed. The result showed that EWP could significantly improve the mice’s ability to exercise and explore,enhance the excitability and the adaptability to the environment. At the same time, it significantly increased activities of the antioxidant enzymes by enhanced activities of SOD,CAT, GSH-Px, T-AOC, and decreased MDA content as compared to model group. EWP can protect against oxidative damage induced by D-gal in mice, he pronounced antioxidant activity may be due to the presence of phenolic compounds.